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Measurements of the ionization intensity due to beta-radiation near the ground

Messungen des durch Beta-Strahlung verursachten Ionisationsgrades nahe dem Erdboden

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Summary

The results of measurements of the ionization intensity due to beta-radiation from the ground surface and the atmosphere, employing a thin-walled ionization chamber, are described. The effective ionizing volume of the chamber, V eff , was determined by experimental and theoretical methods. The measured values are corrected by using V eff . The absorption of gamma-radiation in the shield of the acryle plate is discussed.

The ionization intensities due to beta-radiation at several heights on the ground surface were measured on the campus of Nagoya University. The measured value at 1 meter height was about 1 J. The ionization intensity due to betaradiation from the atmosphere was also measured in the same place and on the top of Mt. Norikura (2770 m). The value in each station was about 0.3 J. The ionization intensities due to beta-radiation from the ground surface and the atmosphere were theoretically estimated by using Loevinger's formula to compare with those obtained by measurements. The calculated values seemed to agree approximately with the measured ones.

Zusammenfassung

Mit einer dünnwandigen Ionisationskammer gewonnene Ergebnisse von Messungen der Ionisationsstärke als Folge der Betastrahlung vom Erdboden und von der Luft werden beschrieben. Der wirksame ionisierte Rauminhalt der Kammer, V eff , wurde nach experimentellen und theoretischen Methoden bestimmt.

Die Meßergebnisse sind unter Berücksichtigung von V eff korrigiert worden. Die Absorption der Gammastrahlung in der Abdeckplatte aus Akrylit wird diskutiert.

Die Ionisierungsstärken als Folge der Betastrahlung wurden auf dem Gelände der Nagoya-Universität in verschiedenen Höhen über dem Erdboden gemessen. Es ergab sich ein Wert von etwa 1 J in einer Höhe von einem Meter. Am gleichen Ort und auf dem Gipfel des Mt. Norikura (2770 m) wurde außerdem die Ionisierungsstärke als Folge der Betastrahlung aus der Atmosphäre gemessen. An beiden Stationen ergab sich ein Wert von etwa 0,3 J.

Die durch Betastrahlung sowohl von der Oberfläche des Erdbodens wie von der Atmosphäre erzeugten Ionisationsstärken wurden unter Benutzung der Formel von Loevinger theoretisch bestimmt und mit den gemessenen Werten verglichen. Die berechneten und gemessenen Werte stimmen annähernd überein.

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Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Hans Israël.

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Iida, T., Kawano, M. Measurements of the ionization intensity due to beta-radiation near the ground. Arch. Met. Geoph. Biokl. A. 21, 195–210 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02247972

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