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Dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: Choice of crossbreeding strategy

Croisement Du Cheptel Laitier Sous Les Tropiques: Choix De La Strategie De Croisement

Cruzamiento De Vacuno Lechero En Los Tropicos: Eleccion De La Estrategia De Cruzamiento

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Summary

Two strategies for crossbreeding of indigenous and exotic cattle for milk production in the tropics,viz. rotational crossing and formation of a composite breed, have been compared. Genetic considerations suggest that rotational crossing would lead to somewhat better dairy performance, mainly because of more heterozygosity. Predictions based on the performance of adjacent genetic groups as obtained from a comprehensive literature review point in the same direction.

Rotational crossbreeding depends on a continuous introduction of bulls of both parental breeds. The herd will consist of 2 (or more) genetic groups, which might be inconvenient for breeding arrangements, but provides more flexibility. The system requires good organisation and is most suitable in large farms. In small scale dairying the composite breed strategy is the most practical approach to dairy cattle breeding in the tropics.

Résumé

Deux stratégies pour le croisement entre le bétail indigène et le bétail exotique pour la production laitière sous les Tropiques, à savoir le croisement rotationnel et la formation d'une race composite, ont été comparées. Des considérations génétiques suggèrent que le croisement rotationnel amènerait quelque chose de plus performant au niveau laitièr, principalement dù à l'augmentation de hétérozygotie. Des prédictions, basées sur les performances de groupes génétiques adjacents, issues de l'étude complète de la littérature donnent la même analyse.

Le croisement rotationnel est basé sur l'introduction continuelle de taureaux venant des deux races parentales. La horde consistera en 2 (ou plus) groupes génétiques, ce qui peut être gênant pour le croisement mais permet plus de flexibilité. Le système demande une bonne organisation et est préférable dans les grandes fermes. A une échelle de production laitiere plus faible la stratégie de la race composite est l'approche la plus pratique pour le croisement du cheptel laitier sous les Tropiques.

Resumen

El artículo compara dos estrategias de cruzamiento entre vacuno lechero exótico e indígena en los trópicos: el cruzamiento rotativo y la formación de una raza híbrida. Las consideraciones genéticas sugieren que el cruzamiento rotativo debería llevar a una mejor producción lechera, sobre todo debido a un aumento de la heterozigosis. Las predicciones basadas en el rendimiento de grupos genéticos adyacentes determinado a partir de una revisión bibliográfica apuntan en la misma dirección.

El cruzamiento rotativo require una introducción contínua de toros de las dos razas parentales. El rebaño consistiría de 2 (o más) grupos genéticos, lo que -si bien permite una mayor flexibilidad- puede dificultar la planificación de la reproducción. El sistema requiere una buena organización y resulta más factible en explotaciones grandes. En explotaciones pequeñas de los trópicos, la formación de una raza híbrida es la estrategia más prática en lo que a cría de vacuno lechero se refiere.

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Syrstad, O. Dairy cattle crossbreeding in the tropics: Choice of crossbreeding strategy. Trop Anim Health Prod 28, 223–229 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240940

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