Summary
The purpose of the paper is to examine the feasibility of used oil drums as a lining material for shallow rural wells. The discussion focuses upon the comparison of the water quality in the oil drum-lined holes with other local water sources. The response to the innovation, from a range of guinea worm prone rural environments in Ibarapa district, Oyo State, Nigeria, was encouraging. The study noted substantial reductions in cyclop population (potential for guinea worm infection) and improved water quality in the sanitary wells as compared to rural ponds. Investigations also reveal substantial saving in costs in using oil drum-lining as opposed to concrete. Findings point to the need for this kind of water scheme as opposed to sophisticated boreholes, and deep well programmes, especially in situations of limited funds and technical skills necessary to install and maintain water supply systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Adeniyi, J.D. 1982. Health education strategies for the control of Dracunculiasis.Proceedings of Workshop on Opportunities for Control of Dracunculiasis, pp. 77–88. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Akpovi, S.U. 1982. Putting paid to Guinea worm infection.African Health,4(4), 23–25.
Akpovi, S.U., Johnson, D.C. and Brieger, W.R. 1981. Guinea worm control: testing the efficacy of health education in primary care,International Journal of Health Education,24(4), 229–237.
APHA/AWWA. 1975.Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 14th edn. American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association, Washington, DC.
Brieger, W.R., Ramakrishna, J., Akpovi, S.U. and Adeniyi, J.D. 1985. Selecting alternative strategies for community health education in Guinea worm control.International Quarterly of Community Health Education,5(4), 313–320.
BSI. 1975.Methods of test for soil for civil engineering purposes. British Standard 1377, British Standards Institution, London.
Edungbola, L.D., Alaki, T.O. and Parakoyi, B.D. 1987. Guinea worm eradication of the impact of UNICEF-assisted rural water project on Guinea worm disease in Asa Local Government Area, Kwara State Nigeria. First Report,1(1), UNICEF/UI/EVA/1/87.
Government of India. 1982.Operational Manual — Guinea worm Eradication Programme in India. Division of Helminthology, National Institute of Communicable Diseases, Delhi, India.
Guinea Worm Wrap-Up. 1987. World Health Organisation Collaboratory Research, Training and Control of Dracunculiasis, Geneva, Switzerland.
Hudgins, D., Hazem and Sawyer. 1982. Protection of water supplies for the control and prevention of Dracunculiasis.Proceedings of the workshop on opportunities for control of Dracunculiasis, pp.57–63. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Kale, O.O. 1977. The clinico — epidemology profile of Guinea worm in Ibarapa District of Nigeria.American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene,24(2), 243–249.
Lewis, W.J. and Chilton, P.J. 1984. Performance of sanitary and completion measures of wells and boreholes used for rural water supplies in Malawi. In:Challenges in African Hydrology and Water Resources, IAHS, Publ. No.144(1), 235–247.
Litvinov, S.K. and Lysenko, A. 1982. Dracunculiasis: Its history and eradication in the USSR.Proceedings of Workshop on Opportunities for Control of Dracunculiasis, pp.97–100. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Meyers, R.A. 1982. Social and cultural aspects of Guinea worm eradication.Proceedings of Workshop on Opportunities for Control of Dracunculiasis, pp.145–153. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Muller, R. 1975.Worms and Disease: A Manual of Medical Helminthology. William Heinemann Medical Books Ltd, London.
Ofor, D.S., Omisakin, M.A. and Sridhar, M.K.C. 1985. Community diagnosis and participation in the development of water facility in a Nigerian community.International Journal of Health Education.
Okafor, J.P.E. 1983. Physical assessment of the underground hydrology of a valley bottom aquifer for agricultural production. Unpublished MSc Thesis, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olajide, I., Sridhar, M.K.C. and Kale, O.O. 1987. Guinea worm control in an endemic area in Western Nigeria.Aqua,6, 333–339.
Oluwande, P.A. 1988. Construction and maintenance of rural wells and boreholes — A challenge to State Water Corporations. Paper presented at the workshop on boreholes — drilling, construction, improvement and maintenance. Civil Engineering Department, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 19–23 September.
Prod'hon, J. and Desfontaine, M. 1982. Epidemio-geographic data on the Dracunculiasis of French-speaking West Africa.Proceedings of Workshop on Opportunities for Control of Dracunculiasis, pp.63–76. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Ram, E.R. 1979.Safe water — Essential to health. Christian Medical Commission, World Council of Churches, Geneva, Switzerland.
Shulman, M.H. 1982. On correlations between Dracunculiasis and malnutrition in West Africa.Proceedings of Workshop on Opportunities for Control of Dracunculiasis, pp.135–144. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC.
Sridhar, M.K.C. 1989. Personal communication.
Wadd, W.B., Belcher, D.W., Wurapo, F.K. and Pappoe, M.E. 1979. Perception and management of Guinea worm disease among Ghanaian villagers — A framework for differential health education planning.Trop. Geogr. Med.,31(1), 155–164.
Watts, S.J. (1984). Population mobility, urban development and Dracunculiasis in Kwara State, Nigeria.Soc. Sci. Med.,19(4), 471–473.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Dr Abimbola Y. Sangodoyin obtained his first degree in Agricultural Engineering at the University of Ibadan. He subsequently obtained a MSc in Water Resources Technology and a PhD in Civil Engineering at the University of Birmingham, UK. He is currently a lecturer in the Department of Agricultural Engineering, University of Ibadan where his research has focused on rural water systems and urban solid waste disposal and pollution problems.
Mr Miebaka J. Ayotamuno has trained to Master's level as an Agricultural Engineer at the University of Ibadan. He is currently a member of staff at the Department of Agricultural Engineering, River State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sangodoyin, A.Y., Ayotamuno, M.J. Guinea worm control: Assessing the effectiveness of drum-lined water holes. Environmentalist 10, 165–176 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240352
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240352