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Behavior and ecology of the enigmatic antLeptanilla japonica Baroni Urbani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae)

Comportement et écologie de la Fourmi énigmatiqueLeptanilla japonica Baroni Urbani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae)

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Summary

The present study ofLeptanilla japonica has clarified for the first time the biology of the Leptanillinae. Males were obtained, which are the first specimens of the subfamily to be collected in association with workers.L. japonica is a totally subterranean ant. Colonies are monogynous with a dichthadiiform queen. Worker population per colony is small, usually 100–200. Development of immature individuals is strictly seasonally synchronized. Colonies often emigrate to the site of paralyzed prey (geophilomorph centipedes). For carrying larvae workers grasp peculiar structures projecting from the larval prothorax with the lower mouthparts. The final-instar larvae have a pair of specialized lateral duct organs on the 4th abdominal segment. Through these organs larval hemolymph is provided for consumption by adults, especially by the queen. Nutrition of the queen depends exclusively on this process. The frequency of larval hemolymph feeding by queens is abruptly elevated when the larvae mature. Owing to this the queen is able quickly to achieve full physogastry, and to lay a batch of 100–200 eggs within a few days. Emergence of new workers from pupae is synchronized with hatching of the 1st-instar larvae from the eggs. In a concluding section the lifemode ofLeptanilla is compared with that of doryline and ecitonine army ants

Resume

Le présent travail surLeptanilla japonica donne pour la première fois des informations sur la biologie des Leptanillinae. Deux mâles ont été obtenus, qui sont les premiers spécimens à être recueillis en même temps que les ouvrières de la même espèce, chez les Leptanillinae.L. japonica est une fourmi entièrement souterraine. Ses sociétés sont monogynes, avec une reine dichthadiiforme. Le nombre d'ouvrières d'une société est faible: en général 100 à 200. La croissance du couvain est strictement synchronisée avec la saison. Les sociétés se déplacent souvent jusqu'à l'endroit où se trouve la proie paralysée (Chilopode géophilomorphe). Les ouvrières, pour porter les larves, saisissent avec leurs pièces buccales inférieures (labium et maxilles) la structure particulière qui fait saillie ventralement sur le prothorax larvaire. Les larves du dernier stade ont une paire d'organe canaliculaires latéraux sur le quatrième segment abdominal. Par cet organe l'hémolymphe larvaire est excrétée, pour l'alimentation des adultes, et particulièrement de la reine. La nutrition de la reine dépend exclusivement de ce processus. Quand les larves sont proches de la nymphose, la fréquence de cette activité alimentaire (appelé “LHF”) augmente de manière brusque, permettant à la reine de devenir rapidement physogastre, et de fournir 100 à 200 œufs en quelques jours. L'éclosion de larves du premier stade est synchronisée avec l'émergence de nouvelles ouvrières. En conclusion, le mode de vie deLeptanilla est comparé à celui de Fourmis nomades, Dorylinae et Ecitoninae.

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Masuko, K. Behavior and ecology of the enigmatic antLeptanilla japonica Baroni Urbani (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae). Ins. Soc 37, 31–57 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02223813

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