Skip to main content
Log in

A comparison of the protein quality of pollens for growth-stimulation of the hypopharyngeal glands and longevity of honey bees,Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Insectes Sociaux Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Newly-emerged worker honey bees confined in small cages were fed 33 isonitrogenous diets containing 25 species of pollen. The growth-stimulation of the hypopharyngeal glands was determined by morphological examination after 7 days of feeding. Twenty-two species of pollen were evaluated and compared when they were fed as 10% concentrations of protein, three as 7.5%, six as 5%, two as 2.5%, and one each as 1.25 and 0.625% concentrations.

A 0.625% concentration of protein from pollen ofTaraxacum officinale was just as effective in the diet as a 2.5% concentration of protein from pollen ofBaccharis viminea or a 5.0% concentration of protein from pollen ofSorghum. A concentration of 1.25% protein from pollen ofT. officinale in the diet stimulated as much gland growth as either a 7.5% concentration from pollen ofSorghum andB. viminea or a 5.0% concentration of pollen fromZea mays var.saccharata. At a 5.0% concentration of protein, pollen fromRobinia pseudoacacia andPolygonum promoted significantly better development thanRanunculus arvensis andT. officinale fed at the same level. At a 10.0% concentration, pollens fromTrifolium pratense, T. officinale, Prunus serotina, Malus pumila, andPopulus fremonti were significantly better than pollen fromAgoseris, Populus nigra var. italica, orMedicago sativa.

Longevity data were obtained for nine species of pollen, six at a concentration of 10% protein, three at 7.5%, four at 5%, and two at 2.5%.

Résumé

Des ouvrières d'abeilles venant de naître et placées dans des cagettes ont reçu 33 alimentations différentes ayant même teneur en azote et renfermant 25 espèces de pollen. Au bout de 7 jours, la rapidité de croissance des glandes hypopharyngiennes a été étudiée par un examen morphologique. On a comparé la valeur de 22 espèces de pollen administrées aux concentrations en protéine suivantes: 10%, 7,5% pour 3 espèces, 5% pour 6 espèces, 2,5% pour 2 espèces, 1,25 et 0,625% pour 1 espèce chacune.

Le pollen deTaraxacum officinale, à une concentration en protéine égale à 0,625%, s'est montré aussi efficace que celui deBaccharis viminea à 2,5% ou celui deSorghum à 5,0%. Le pollen deT. officinale, à une concentration en protéine de 1,25%, a eu le même effet stimulant sur la croissance des glandes que celui deSorghum ouB. viminea à 7,5% ou deZea mays var.saccharata à 5,0%. A une concentration en protéine de 5,0%, les pollens deRobinia pseudoacacia et Polygonum ont donné un meilleur résultat queRanunculus arvensis etT. officinale administrés sous la même forme. A la concentration de 10,0%, les pollens deTrifolium pratense, T. officinale, Prunus serotina, Malus pumila etPopulus fremonti étaient nettement plus efficaces que ceux deAgoseris, Populus nigra var.italica ouMedicago sativa. Des données sur la longévité ont été obtenues pour 9 espèces de pollen, 6 à la concentration en protéine de 10%, 3 à 7%, 4 à 5% et 2 à 2,5%.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price includes VAT (France)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literature Cited

  • Auclair (J. L.) andJamieson (C. A.), 1948. — A qualitative analysis of amino acids in pollen collected by bees.Science,108, 357–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bieberdorf (F.), Gross (A. L.), andWeichlein (R.), 1961. — Free amino acid content of pollen.Ann. Allergy,19, p. 867–876.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGroot (A. P.), 1951. — Effect of a protein-containing diet on the longevity of caged bees.Proc. Acad. Sci. Amsterdam Series C,54 (3), p. 272–274.—DeGroot (A. P.), 1952. Amino acid requirements for growth of the honeybee (Apis mellifica L.).Experentia,8 (5), p. 192–194. 1953. Protein and amino acid requirements of the honeybee (Apis mellifica L.).Physiolo. comparata et æcol.,3 (2/3), p. 197–285.

    Google Scholar 

  • Devys (M.) andBarbier (M.), 1966. — Sur le cholestrol du pollen de la porcelleHypochœris radicata.Phytochem.,5, p. 1031–1033.

    Google Scholar 

  • Duncan (D. B.), 1955. — Multiple range and multiple F tests.Biometrics,2, p. 1–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilmour (D.), 1961 —The biochemistry of insecis. Academic Press, New-York and London. 343 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haydak (M. H.), 1943. — Larval food and development of castes in the honeybee.J. Econ. Entomol.,36, p. 778–792.—Haydak (M. H.), 1957. Changes with age in the appearance of some internal organs of the honeybee.Bee World,38, p. 197–208.—Haydak (M. H.), 1961. Influence of storage on the nutritive value of pollens for newly emerged honeybees.Amer. Bee J.,101, p. 354–355.

    Google Scholar 

  • Haydak (M. H.) andDietz (A.), 1965. — Influence of the diet on the development and brood rearing of honeybees.Apimondia, Proc. XX Intern. Beekeeping Jubilee Congr., Bucharest, 1/17:6 p.

  • House (H. L.), 1961. — Insect nutrition.Ann. Rev. Entomol.,6, p. 13–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hügel (M.-F.), 1962. — Etude de quelques constituants du pollen.Ann. Abeille,5, p. 97–133.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kratky (E.), 1931. — Morphologie und Physiologie der Drüsen in Kopf und Thorax der Honigbiene.Z. Wiss. Zool., Abt.139, p. 120–200.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lipke (H.) andFraenkel (G.), 1956. — Insect nutrition.Ann. Rev. Entomol. 1, p. 17–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundén (R.), 1956. — Literature on pollen chemistry.Grana Palynologica, New Series, p. 3–21.

  • Maurizio (A.), 1950. — Untersuchungen über den Einfluss der Pollennahrung und Brutpflege auf die Lebensdauer und den Physiologischen Zustand von Bienen.Schweiz. Bienen-Z.,73, p. 58–64 [English translation inBee World,31, 9–12, 1950].—Maurizio (A.), 1951. Prüfung von Pollenersatzmitteln.Schweiz. Bienen-Z.,74, p. 111–118. —Maurizio (A.), 1954. Pollenernährung und Lebensvorgänge bei der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica L.).Landwirtsch. Jahrb. Schweiz.,62, p. 115–182.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison (F. B.), 1947 —Feeds and feeding — a handbook for the student and stockman. The Morrison Publishing Compagny, Ithaca, New York. 1050 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phillips (E. F.), 1928. —Beekeeping, Rev. Ed., Macmillan Company, New York. 490 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ribbands (C. R.), 1953. —The behaviour and social life of honey bees. Bee Research Association, Ltd., London. 353 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sahyun (M.), 1948. —Proteins and amino acids in nutrition. Reinhold Publishing Corp., N. Y. 566 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarker (B. C. R.), Wittwer (S. H.), Luecke (R. W.), andSell (H. M.), 1949. —Quantitative estimation of some amino acids in sweet corn pollen.Arch. Biochem.,22, p. 353–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaefer (C. W.) andFarrar (C. L.), 1946. —The use of pollen traps and pollen supplements in developing honey bee colonies. U. S. Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-531, rev., 7 p.

  • Simpson (J.), 1960. — The function of the salivary glands ofApis mellifera.J. Insect Physiol.,4, p. 107–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor (G. W.), 1950. —Statistical methods. 4th ed., The Iowa State College Press, Ames, Iowa. 485 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Snodgrass (R. E.), 1956. —Anatomy of the honey bee. Comstock Publishing Associates, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, N. Y., 334 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Soudek (S.), 1927. — Hltanové zlazy vcely medonasné.Bull. Ecol. Agron., Brno 10, p. 1–63, [English summary].

    Google Scholar 

  • Standifer (L. N.), 1966a. — Isolation and gravimetric determination of some lipid constituents in pollens gathered by honey bees.J. Apic. Res.,5 (2), p. 93–98. 1966b.—Standifer (L. N.) Fatty acids in dandelion pollen gathered by honey bees (Apis mellifera L.). (Hymenoptera: Apidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.,59, p. 1005–1008.

    Google Scholar 

  • Standifer (L. N.), McCaughey (W. F.), Todd (F. E.), andKemmerer (A. R.), 1960. —Relative availability of various proteins to the honey bee.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer.,53, p. 618–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd (F. E.) andBretherick (O.), 1942. — The composition of pollensJ. Econ. Entomol.,35 (3), p. 312–317.

    Google Scholar 

  • Todd (F. E.) andBishop (R. K.), 1946. —The role of pollen in the economy of the hive. U. S. Dept. Agric., Bur. Ent. and Plant Quar. E-536, rev., 9 p.

  • Vivino (A. E.) andPalmer (L. S.), 1944. — The chimical composition and nutritional value of pollens collected by bees.Arch. Biochem.,4, p. 129–136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl (O.), 1963. — Vergeichende Untersuchungen über den Mähwert von Pollen, Hefe, Sojamehl und Trockenmilch für die Honigbiene (Apis mellifica); ein Beitrag zum Eiweiss- und Vitaminstoffwechsel der Biene.Z. Bienenforsch.,7 (8), p. 209–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wahl (O.) andBack (E.), 1955. — Einfluss der im pollen enthaltenen vitamine auf Lebensdauer, Ausbildung der Pharynxdrusen und Brutfahigkeit der Honigbiene (Apis mellifica).Naturwissenschaften,42, p. 103–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Weaver (N.) andKuiken (K.), 1951. — Quantitative analyses of the essential amino acids in royal jelly and some pollens.J. Econ. Entomol.,44, p. 635–638.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weaver (N.), Law (J. H.) andJohnsson (N. C.), 1964. — Studies on the lipids of royal jelly.Biochim.-Biophys. Acta,84, p. 305–315.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Standifer, L.N. A comparison of the protein quality of pollens for growth-stimulation of the hypopharyngeal glands and longevity of honey bees,Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Ins. Soc 14, 415–425 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02223687

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02223687

Keywords

Navigation