Observations sur la biologie de la guêpe orientaleVespa orient alis F.

Résumé

Nous avons décrit des nids d'élevage artificiels et les conditions d'élevage appropriées par lesquelles nous avons élevé des colonies deVespa orientalis. La méthode que nous avons utilisée rend possible des observations méthodiques de ce qui se passe dans la colonie, et en élevant un certain nombre de colonies, nous avons pu comparer des phénomènes différents, qui se retrouvent dans toute colonie.

Au cours de nos observations, nous avons mis l'accent sur la structure sociale de la colonie pendant la saison d'activité. Nous avons décrit le comportement de la reine dans le nid, son activité, et les rapports existant entre la reine et les ouvrières.

Nous avons réalisé des expériences diverses sur le transfert des reines de nid à nid, et élevé ainsi des colonies orphelines, afin de comparer le comportement de celles-ci avec les colonies en ayant une.

Summary

The Oriental Hornet is common in the whole Mediterranean Basin. In Israel, colonies of the hornet are numerous in nearly all parts of the country. The colonies are annual and their main activity occurs during the hot season. At the approach of winter, only houng fertilized queens remain; they winter in hidden secret places, emerging in the spring to establish a new colony.

In order to watch what is passing in the hornets' nest, we built artificial breeding houses having one glasse wall. In the spring, we transferred small colonies of hornets into these houses, where they continued todevelop until the end of the season.

Stress was put in our observations, on the social structure of the hornet colony. The mother-Queen, having laid the foundations for the colony in the spring, keeps leaving the nest to bring food and building materials from the fields until early June. From then onwards she remains in the nest, engaging chiefly in egg laying, while her daughters, the workers, collect food from the fields and perform all other duties in the nest. The queen is easily recognized by the workers, even in the darkness of the nest. They tend to approach her when she is resting on the combs and to crowd around her. Some of the workers come to her often in order to lick her body, others hit the walls with their bellies.

Side by side with colonies possessing a queen, we also reared queen — less ones, which enabled us to compare the behaviour of both.

A sufficiently lucid explanation of the activity of the workers in relation to the queen has not been arrived at so far, further observations being required.