Abstract
A new generation whole-body computed tomography system has been developed to provide accurate visualization and measurement of the vital functions of the heart, lungs, and circulation. This dynamic spatial reconstructor system (DSR) provides stop-action (01-sec), rapidly sequential (60-per-second), synchronous volume (240 simultaneous adjacent 1-mm-thick transaxial sections) reconstructions and display of the full anatomic extents of the internal and external surfaces of the heart throughout successive cardiac cycles, and will permit visualization of the three-dimensional vascular anatomy and circulatory functions in all regions of the body of patients with cardiovascular and other circulatory disabilities.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alfidi, R. J., MacIntyre, W. J., and Haager, J. R., The effects of biological motion on CT resolution.Am. J. Roentgenol. 127:11–15, 1976.
Boyd, D. P., Korobin, M. T., and Moss, A., Engineering status of computerized tomographic scanning.Opt. Eng. 16(1):37–44, 1977.
Ritman, E. L., Robb, R. A., Johnson, S. A., Chevalier, P. A., Gilbert, B. K., Greenleaf, J. F., Sturm, R. E., and Wood, E. H., Quantitative imaging of the structure and function of the heart, lungs, and circulation.Mayo Clin. Proc. 53:3–11, 1978.
Robb, R. A., Ritman, E. L., Gilbert, B. K., Kinsey, J. H., Harris, L. D., and Woods, E. H., The DSR: A high-speed three-dimensional x-ray computed tomography system for dynamic spatial reconstruction of the heart and circulation.IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-26(2):2713–2717, 1979.
Gilbert, B. K., Storma, M. T., Ballard, K. C., Hobrock, L. W., James, C. E., and Wood, E. H., A programmable dynamic memory allocation system for input/output of digital data into standard computer memories at 40 megasamples/s.IEEE Trans. Comput. C-25(11):1101–1109, 1976.
Gilbert, B. K., Harris, L. D., and Chu, A., Special purpose digital processor architectures and numerical approximation methods for application to high-speed computerized tomography.Computer Aided Tomography and Ultrasonics in Medicine, IFIP (J. Raviv, J. F. Greenleaf, and G. T. Herman, eds.). North-Holland, Amsterdam, 1979, pp. 13–36.
Traub, A. C., A new three-dimensional display technique. Report #M68-4 of the Mitre Corporation, Bedford, Mass., 1968.
Harris, L. D., Robb, R. A., Yuen, T. S., and Ritman, E. L., The display and visualization of 3-D reconstructed anatomic morphology: Experience with the thorax, heart, and coronary vasculature of dogs.J. Comput. Assisted Tomogr. 3(4):439–446, 1979.
Minerbo, G. N., Convolutional reconstruction from cone beam projection data.IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-26(2):2682–2684, 1979.
Altschuler, M. D., et al., Demonstration of a software package for the reconstruction of the dynamically changing structure of the human heart from cone beam x-ray projection. Technical Report No. MIPG32, Department of Computer Science, SUNY/Buffalo, 1979.
Altschuler, M. D., Chang, T., and Chu, A., Rapid computer generation of three-dimensional phantoms and their cone beam x-ray projections.SPIE Appl. Opt. Instrum. Med. VII 173:287–290, 1979.
Herman, G. T., Lakshminarayanan, A. V., Naparstek A., Ritman, E. L., Robb, R. A., and Wood, E. H., Rapid computerized tomography.Medical Data Processing (M. Laudet, J. Anderson, and S. Begon, eds.), Taylor and Francis. London, 1976, pp. 581–598.
Shepp, L. A., and Logan, B. F., The Fourier reconstruction of a head section.IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-21(3):21–43, 1974.
Lewitt, R. M., Processing of incomplete measurement data in computed tomography.Med. Phys. 6(5):412–417, 1979.
Sturm, R. E., Ritman, E. L., Johnson, S. A., Wondrow, M. A., Erdman, D. I., and Wood, E. H., Prototype of a single x-ray video imaging chain designed for high temporal resolution computerized tomography by means of an electronic scanning dynamic spatial reconstruction system.Proc. San Diego Biomed. Symp. 15:181–188, 1976.
Robb, R. A., and Gilbert, B. K., Evaluation of performance of the dynamic spatial reconstructor: A system for high-speed synchronous volume computed tomography of the body.Ill-Posed Problems: Theory and Practice. (M. Z. Nashed, ed.), D. Reidel, Dordrecht-Boston-London, 1980.
Muhm, D. R., Brown, L. R., and Crowe, J. K., Detection of pulmonary nodules by computed tomography.Am. J. Roentgenol. 128:267–270, 1977.
Ruegsegger, P. E., Ritman, E. L., and Wood, E. H., Performance of a cylindrical CT scanning system for dynamic studies of the heart and lungs.Proc. San Diego Biomed. Symp. 16:143–157, 1977.
Brooks, R. A., and DiChiro, G., Beam hardening in x-ray computed tomography.Phys. Med. Biol. 21(3):390–398, 1976.
Ruegsegger, P., Hangartner, Th., Keller, H. U., and Hinderling, Th., Standardization of computed tomography images by means of a material-selective beam hardening correction.J. Comput. Assisted Tomogr. 2(2):184–188, 1978.
Robb, R. A., Lent, A. H., and Chu, A., A computer-based system for high-speed three-dimensional imaging of the heart and circulation: Evaluation of performance by simulation and prototype.Proceedings of the Thirteenth Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Vol. 3, 1980, pp. 384–405.
Boyd, D. P., Status of diagnostic x-ray CT.IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-26(2):2836–2839, 1979.
Robb, R. A., Greenleaf, J. F., Ritman, E. L., Johnson, S. A., Sjostrand, J. D., Herman, G. T., and Wood, E. H., Three-dimensional visualization of the intact thorax and contents: A technique for crosssectional reconstruction for multiplanar x-ray views.Comput. Biomed. Res. 7:395–419, 1974.
Robb, R. A., Harris, L. D., and Ritman, E. L., Computerized x-ray reconstruction tomography in stereometric analysis of cardiovascular dynamics.Proc. Soc. Photo-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 89:69–82, 1976.
Liu, H. K., Two- and three-dimensional boundary detection.Comput. Graphics Image Processing 6(2):123–134, 1977.
Wood, E. H., New vistas for the study of structural and functional dynamics of the heart, lungs, and circulation by non-invasive numerical tomographic vivisection.Circulation 56(4):506–520, 1977.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
This research was supported in part by grants HL-04664 and RR-00007 from the National Institutes of Health. An earlier version of this paper was published inProceedings of the 13th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Vol. 3, 1980, by Western Periodicals Co., North Hollywood, Calif.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Robb, R.A., Lent, A.H., Gilbert, B.K. et al. The dynamic spatial reconstructor. J Med Syst 4, 253–288 (1980). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02222467
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02222467