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Biosynthèse des hormones stéroïdes

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Summary

The different pathways of biosynthesis are described, by which steroid hormones are producedin vivo in the gonads, the adrenal cortex and the placenta, orin vitro by corresponding tissue preparations. First of all a short outline of the origin of cholesterol from acetyl coenzyme A through the ‘biological isoprene unit’, the pyrophosphate of Δ3-iso-pentenol, through squalene, lanosterol and zymosterol is given. Partial side-chain degradation of cholesterol, where ACTH plays an important role, leads to pregnenolone and further to progesterone.

The latter compounds are the starting material for the other steroid hormones. On the one hand, they are converted in the gonads and adrenals into 17α-hydroxy derivatives, in which the side chain is completely removed by enzymes of the said and also of non-endocrine tissues, to form the androgens. Furthermore the adrenals produce their own typical androgens. After hydroxylation of the angular 19-methyl group, androgens are aromatised to estrogens.

On the other hand, the adrenal converts progesterone by hydroxylation in 21- and, depending on the case, also in 11- and/or 17-position into the classical adrenocortical hormones. The special feature of an 18-hydroxylation and -dehydrogenation forms part of the biogenesis of aldosterone; a new example is given for the methods used towards its elucidation, consisting in the biosynthetic conversion of progesterone into two virtual intermediates, 18-oxo-progesterone and 21-desoxyaldosterone, which already contain the 18-aldehyde group, characteristic for aldosterone.

The regulation of the biogenesis of the different hormones is mentioned and compounds are discussed which block one or other of the biosynthetic steps.

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  1. Laboratoires de Recherche, CIBA S.A. Bâle, Département Pharmaceutique, Je remercie Monsieur Ch. Meystre qui s'est chargé de la traduction française, France

    A. Wettstein

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D'après une conférence faite aux VIes Journées biochimiques latines, Genève (Suisse), 25 mai 1961.

Publication No. 179Über Steroide. Communication No. 178 voirK. Heusler, P. Wieland etA. Wettstein, Helv. chim. Acta, sous presse.

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Wettstein, A. Biosynthèse des hormones stéroïdes. Experientia 17, 329–344 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02201749

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