Skip to main content
Log in

A comparison of mineral uptake and translocation by above-ground and below-ground root systems ofSalix syringiana

  • Published:
Plant and Soil Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nutrient uptake and translocation by above-ground adventitious roots and below-ground roots of woodySalix syringiana saplings were studied with gamma spectrometry. Each of four radionuclides (75Se,138Cs,54Mn, and65Zn) administered to adventitious and belowground roots were detected in stems and leaves within one month. Nuclides tended to be immobilized in the leaves and branches closest to the adventitious roots that absorbed them, while nuclides absorbed from below-ground sources were distributed more evenly throughout the plant. The capacity of adventitious roots to acquire nutrients from above-ground sources suggests they function as a potential ‘auxiliary’ pathway of nutrient uptake and might enhance plant nutrient status where below-ground root uptake it hindered by adverse soil conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Benzing D H and Burt K M 1970 Foliar permeability among twenty species of the Bromeliacea. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 97, 269–279.

    Google Scholar 

  • Biddulph O 1955 Studies of mineral nutrition by use of tracers. Bot. Rev. 21, 251–295.

    Google Scholar 

  • Broeshart H and Nethsinghe D A 1972 Studies of the pattern of root activity of tree crops using isotope techniques.In Symposium on Isotopes and Radiation in Soil-Plant Relationships Including Forestry, I.A.E.A., Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bukovac M and Wittwer S 1957 Absorption and mobility of foliar-applied nutrients. Plant Physiol. 32, 428–435.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlson M 1950 Nodal adventitious roots in willow stems of different ages. Am. J. Bot. 17, 555–561.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chapman J and Ayrey G 1981 The Use of Radioactive Isotopes in the Life Sciences. George Allen and Unwin Ltd., London, U.K.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clemens J, Kirk A and Mills P 1978 The resistance to waterlogging of threeEucalyptus species. Oecologia (Berl.) 34:125–131.

    Google Scholar 

  • Epstein E 1972 Mineral Nutrition of Plants: Principles and Perspectives. John Wiley and Sons. New York, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fergusion I B and E G Bollard 1976 The movement of calcium in woody stems. Ann. Bot. 40, 1057–1065.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fjell I 1985 Morphogenesis of the root cap in adventitious roots ofSalix viminalis. Nord. J. Bot. 5, 555–574.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fink S 1983 The occurrence of adventitious and preventitious buds within the bark of some temperate and tropical trees. Am. J. Bot. 70, 532–542.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer H 1967 Phloem transport and Stoffaufnahme. Z. Pflanzenernaehr. Dueng. Bodenkd. 118, 100–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill A 1969 The ecology of an elfin forest in Puerto Rico. 6. Aerial roots. J. Arn. Arb. 50, 197–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill C 1975 The ecological significance of adventitious rooting as a response to flooding in woody species, with special reference toAlnus glutinosa (L.). Gaertn. Flora 164, 85–97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gill A and Tomlinson P 1969 Aerial roots: An array of forms and functions.In The Development of Woody Plants. Eds. J Torrey and D Clarkson. Chapter 12. Academic Press, London.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gilman E, Leone I and Flower F 1982 Influence of soil gas contamination on tree root growth. Plant and Soil 65, 3–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hartmann H and Kester D 1975 Plant Propagation: Principles and Practices. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 377 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heine R W 1970 Absorption of phosphate and potassium ions in poplar stems. J. Exp. Bot. 21, 497–503.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herbert D 1958 Natural air-layering in humus-collecting epiphytes. Queensland Nat. 16, 22–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook D D and Kormanik P 1971 Inductive flood tolerance in swamp tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica var.biflora (Walt)Sarg.). J. Exp. Bot. 22, 78–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hook D D, Langdon O G, Stubbs J and Brown C L 1970 Effect of water regimes on the survival, growth, and morphology of Tupelo seedlings. For. Sci. 16, 304–311.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenik J 1973 Root systems of tropical trees. 8. Stilt roots and allied adaptations. Preslia 45, 250–264.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirkham D, Rolston D E and Fritton D D 1967 Gamma-radiation detection of water content in two-dimensional evaporation experiments.In Proceedings of Isotope and Radiation Techniques in Soil Physics and Irrigation Studies, pp 3–14. Istanbul.

  • Kling G and M Meyer 1983 Effects of phenolic compounds and IAA on adventitious root initiation in cuttings ofPhaseolus aureus, Acer saccharinum andAcer griseum. Hortscience 18, 352–354.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lanner R 1966 Adventitious roots ofEucalyptus robusta in Hawaii. Pacific Science 20, 379–381.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy C, Youngstrom D and Maletskos C 1976 Whole-body gamma-spectroscopic assessment of environmental radionuclides in recapturable wild birds.In Radioecology and Energy Resources. Ed, C Cushing, Jr. pp 113–122. Dowden, Hutchinson, and Ross, Stroudsburg.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy C, Youngstrom K and Maletskos C 1982 Radioecology on a nuclear power station site using recapturable wild birds and whole-body gamma-spectroscopic analysis.In Environmental migration of long-lived radionuclides. pp 329–343. International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyford W 1969 The ecology of elfin forest in Puerto Rico. 7. Soil, root, and earthworm relationships. J. Arn. Arb. 50, 210–224.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moorby J 1964 The foliar uptake and translocation of caesium. J. Exp. Bot. 15, 457–469.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni N 1981 Canopy roots: Convergent evolution in rainforest nutrient cycles. Science 213, 1023–1024.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni N 1983 The effects of epiphytes on nutrient cycles within temperate and tropical rainforest tree canopies. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni N 1984 Epiphyte biomass and nutrient capital of a neotropical elfin forest. Biotropica 16, 249–256.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nadkarni N 1985 Biomass and mineral capital of epiphytes in anAcer macrophyllum community of a temperate moist coniferous forest, Olympic Peninsula, Washington State. Can. J. Bot. 62, 2223–2228.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nanda K, Bhattacharya N and Kochhar V 1974 Biochemical basis of adventitious root formation on etiolated stem segments. N.Z.J. For. Sci. 10, 347–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council 1976. Selenium Committee on the medical and biological effects of environmental pollutants. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pereira J and T Kozlowski 1977 Variations among woody angiosperms in response to flooding. Physiol. Plant 41, 184–192.

    Google Scholar 

  • Primack R and Levy C 1988 A method to label seeds and seedling using gamma-emitting radionuclides. Ecology 69, 796–800.

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson J 1957 Theory and use of tracers in determining transfer rates in biological systems. Physiol. Reviews 37, 133–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sena Gomes A R and Kozlowski T T 1980a Responses ofMelaleuca quinquenervia seedlings to flooding. Physiol. Plant. 49, 373–377.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sena Gomes A R and Kozlowski T T 1980b Growth responses and adaptations ofFraxinus pennsylvanica seedlings to flooding. Plant Physiol. 66, 267–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegman E W, Primack R and Ellmore G 1988 Absorption of nutrient exudates from terrapin eggs by roots ofAmmophila breviligulata (Graminea). Can. J. Bot. 66, 714–718.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ticknor R and Tukey H B Jr. 1955 Evidence for the entry of mineral nutrients through the bark of fruit trees. Proceedings of the American Society of Horticultural Science. 69, 13–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiller K G 1979 Applications of isotopes to micronutrient studies.In International Symposium on the Use of Isotopes and Radiation on Soil-Plant Relationships. pp 359–370, Colombo.

  • Tsukahra H and Kozlowski T T 1985 Importance of adventitious roots to growth of floodedPlatanus occidentalis seedlings. Plant and Soil 88, 123–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wample R L and Reid D M 1978 Control of adventitious root production and hypocotyl hypertrophy of sunflower (Helianthus annuus) in response to flooding. Physiol. Plant 44, 351–358.

    Google Scholar 

  • Witherspoon J 1964 Cycling of Cesium-134 in white oak trees. Ecol. Monogr. 34, 403–420.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wittwer S and Bukovac M 1969 The uptake of nutrients through leaf surfaces.In Handbuch der Pflanzenernährung und Düngung Vol. 1 Ed. H Linser. pp 235–261. Springer, Vienna.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nadkarni, N.M., Primack, R.B. A comparison of mineral uptake and translocation by above-ground and below-ground root systems ofSalix syringiana . Plant Soil 113, 39–45 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181919

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02181919

Key words

Navigation