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  2. Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design
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Viral cysteine proteinases

  • Published: December 1996
  • Volume 6, pages 64–86, (1996)
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Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design
Viral cysteine proteinases
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  • Alexander E. Gorbalenya1,2 &
  • Eric J. Snijder3 

  • 380 Accesses

  • 64 Citations

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Summary

Dozens of novel cysteine proteinases have been identified in positive single-stranded RNA viruses and, for the first time, in large double-stranded DNA viruses. The majority of these proteins are distantly related to papain or chymotrypsin and may be direct descendants of primordial proteolytic enzymes. Virus genome synthesis and expression, virion formation, virion entry into the host cell, as well as cellular architecture and functioning can be under the control of viral cysteine proteinases during infection. RNA virus proteinases mediate their liberation from giant multidomain precursors in which they tend to occupy conserved positions. These proteinases possess a narrow substrate specificity, can cleave in cis and in trans, and may also have additional, nonproteolytic functions. The mechanisms of catalysis, substrate recognition and RNA binding were highlighted by the recent analysis of the three-dimensional structure of the chymotrypsin-like cysteine proteinases of two RNA viruses.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. M.P. Chumakov Institute of Poliomyelitis and Viral Encephalitides, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, 142782, Moscow Region

    Alexander E. Gorbalenya

  2. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, 119899, Moscow, Russia

    Alexander E. Gorbalenya

  3. Department of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Eric J. Snijder

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  1. Alexander E. Gorbalenya
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Gorbalenya, A.E., Snijder, E.J. Viral cysteine proteinases. Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design 6, 64–86 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174046

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  • Received: 11 June 1996

  • Accepted: 13 June 1996

  • Issue Date: December 1996

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174046

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Keywords

  • Cysteine Proteinase
  • Chymotrypsin
  • Papain
  • Virion Entry
  • Substrate Recognition
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