Summary
The debate about the presence of HIV-1 virus particles in human spermatozoa is reviewed and recent experimental results are reported in detail. Using immunocytochemistry, in situ hybridization at the electron microscopy level, the polymerase chain reaction and in vitro fertilization, it has been demonstrated that human spermatozoa can incorporate HIV-1 using special receptors different from the commonly used CD4, and that the spermatozoa remain active and able to vehicle viral particles into the oocyte, which is regularly being fertilized.
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Baccetti, B., Collodel, G. & Piomboni, P. The debate on the presence of HIV-1 virus in human spermatozoa. Perspectives in Drug Discovery and Design 5, 129–142 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174008
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02174008