A study on the ocular and extraocular pharmacology of metipranolol

Abstract

Metipranolol (Betamann) is a clinically efficacious ocular hypotensive drug and preclinical experiments were undertaken to characterize this beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. In vitro beta₁- and beta₂-adrenoceptor antagonism was evaluated using the guinea pig atrium and the rat uterus, respectively. The respective pA₂ values were 8.3 and 8.4. Topical metipranolol, 0.3% and 0.6%, blocked both the hypotension (beta₂-mediated) and the tachycardia (beta₁-mediated) elicited in ganglion-blocked, conscious rabbits by isoproterenol, 0.5 μg/kg, i.v. The Ki for displacement of³H-dihydroalprenolol binding to rabbit iris + ciliary body homogenates was 34 nM. The effect of metipranolol, 0.3% and 0.6%, was not particularly striking on the intraocular pressure (IOP) of conscious, normotensive rabbits. However, the elevated IOP of the alpha-chymotrypsinized rabbit eye was significantly decreased (maximum reduction of 5.8 mm Hg) following the instillation of metipranolol, 0.3%. IOP recovery in conscious rabbits following hyperosmotic challenge (i.v. infusion of a 20% NaCl solution) was not decreased by a 1-h pretreatment with a 0.3% solution. In contrast, a significant reduction of 41% was elicited by a 0.6% solution. Hence, the ocular hypotensive effect of metipranolol may result from decreased aqueous humor inflow. Metipranolol, 0.6%, was devoid of effect on rabbit pupil diameter. However, corneal local anesthesia was elicited in the rabbit by both 0.3% and 0.6% solutions of the drug, the effect being more marked with the higher concentration.