Abstract
A range of known biocontrol or plant growth-stimulating species ofTrichoderma orGliocladium were grown on peat-bran substrate to yield between 5×107−3×1010 colony forming units (cfu's)g−1 substrate after 14 days growth. Inocula were incorporated into peat:sand potting compost infested withRhizoctonia solani to give 7–8 × 104 cfu's of antagonist g−1 compost and assessed for biological control activity using lettuce seedlings. Six of the eight antagonists decreased daming-off and three of these consistently increased yield in comparison withR. solani treatment alone.
Subsequently, peat-bran inoculum ofT. harzianum isolate TH1 was incorporated at 0.5% w/v intoR. solani infested potting compost. Both autoclaved and nonautoclaved inoculum ofT. harzianum TH1 decreased disease and increased yield. Incorporation of ethyl acetate-extracted autoclaved inoculum ofT. harzianum TH1 resulted in similar levels of biocontrol and improved plant growth as did incorporation of nonautoclaved and autoclavedT. harzianum TH1 inoculum. The need to standardize inocula and controls is emphasized.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ahmad J S and Baker R 1988 Implications of rhizosphere competence ofTrichoderma harzianum. Can. J. Microbiol. 34, 229–234.
Baker R, Elad Y and Chet I 1984 The controlled experiment in the scientific method with special emphasis on biological control. Phytopathology 74, 1019–1021.
Beagle-Ristaino J E and Papavizas G C 1985 Biological control of Rhizoctonia stem canker and black scurf of potato. Phytopathology 75, 560–564.
Bennett R A and Lynch J M 1981 Bacterial growth and development in the rhizosphere of gnotobiotic cereal plants. J. Gen. Microbiol. 125, 95–102.
Challen M P and Elliott T J 1986 Polypropylene straw ampoules for the storage of microorganisms in liquid introgen. J. Microbiol. Methods 5, 11–23.
Chang Y-C, Chang Y-C, Baker R, Kleifeld O and Chet I 1986 Increased growth of plants in the presence of the biological control agentTrichoderma harzianum. Plant Dis. 70, 145–148.
Claydon N, Allan M, Hanson J R and Avent A G 1987 Antifungal alkyl pyrones ofTrichoderma harzianum. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 88, 503–513.
Elad Y, Chet I and Katan J 1980Trichoderma harzianum: A biological control agent effective againstSclerotium rolfsii andRhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70, 119–121.
Hadar Y, Chet I and Henis Y 1979 Biological control ofRhizoctonia solani damping-off with wheat bran culture ofTrichoderma harzianum. Phytopathology 69, 64–68.
Harman G E, Chet I and Baker R 1980Trichoderma hamatum effects on seeds and seedling disease induced in radish and pea byPythium spp. andRhizoctonia solani. Phytopathology 70, 1167–1172.
Howell C R 1982 Effect ofGliocladium virens onPythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, and damping-off of cotton seedlings. Phytopathology 72, 496–498.
Ko W and Hora H F 1971 A selective medium for the quantitative determination of R. solani in soil. Phytopathology 61, 707–710.
Lewis J A and Papavizas G C 1987a Application of Trichoderma and Gliocladium in alginate pellets for control of Rhizoctonia damping-off. Plant Pathol. 36, 438–445.
Lewis J A and Papavizas G C 1987b Reduction of inoculum ofRhizoctonia solani in soil by germlings ofTrichoderma hamatum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 19, 195–201.
Lifshitz R, Lifshitz S and Baker R 1985 Decrease in incidence of Rhizoctonia preemergence damping-off by use of integrated chemical and biological controls. Plant Dis. 69, 431–434.
Lumsden R D, Carter J C, Whipps J M and Lynch J M 1990 Comparison of biomass and viable propagule measurements in the antagonism ofTrichoderma harzianum againstPythium ultimum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 187–194.
Lumsden R D and Lock J C 1989 Biological control of damping-off caused byRhizoctonia solani withGliocladium virens in soilless mix. Phytopathology 79, 361–366.
Lynch J M, Wilson K L, Ousley M A and Whipps J M 1991. Response of lettuce to Trichoderma treatment. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 12, 59–61.
Marshall D S 1982 Effect ofTrichoderma harzianum seed treatment andRhizoctonia solani inoculum concentration on damping-off of snapbean in acidic soils. Plant Dis. 66, 788–789.
Papavizas G C and Lewis J A 1986 Isolation, identification, and production of inoculum ofRhizoctonia solani.In Methods for Evaluating Pesticides for Control of Plant Pathogens. Ed. K D Hickey. pp 50–53. American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN.
Paulitz T, Windham M and Baker R 1986 Effect of peat:vermiculite mixes containingTrichoderma harzianum on increased growth response of radish. J. Am. Soc. Hortic. Sci. 111, 810–816.
Ruppell E G, Baker R, Harman G E, Hubbard J P, Hecker R J and Chet I 1983 Field tests ofTrichoderma harzianum Rifai aggr. as a biocontrol agent of seedling disease in several crops and Rhizoctonia root rot of sugar beet. Crop Prot. 2, 399–408.
Sivan A, Elad Y and Chet I 1984 Biological control effects of a new isolate ofTrichoderma harzianum onPythium aphanidermatum. Phytopathology 74, 498–501.
Tschen J S-M, Lee Y-Y, Wu W-S and Liu S-D 1989 Biological control of basal stem rot of chrysanthemum by antagonists. J. Phytopathol. 126, 313–222.
Wilson M, Crawford E K and Campbell R 1988 Biological control byTrichoderma harzianum of damping-off of lettuce caused byRhizoctonia solani. EPPO Bull. 18, 83–89.
Windham M T, Elad Y and Baker R 1986 A mechanism for increased plant growth induced byTrichoderma spp. Phytopathology 76, 518–521.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maplestone, P.A., Whipps, J.M. & Lynch, J.M. Effect of peat-bran inoculum ofTrichoderma species on biological control ofRhizoctonia solani in lettuce. Plant Soil 136, 257–263 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02150057
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02150057