Abstract
Sixty-two strains ofStaphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci, 21Streptococcus faecalis and 17 other strains of streptococci isolated from cases of endocarditis were tested for sensitivity against rifampicin, teicoplanin, vancomycin, fusidic acid, erythromycin and novobiocin. Only rifampicin, novobiocin and teicoplanin were found to be active against the great majority of these strains. The microbial properties of these antibiotics suggest the necessity of combinations for effective therapy. The combinations rifampicin + novobiocin and rifampicin + teicoplanin were additive and suppressed the emergence of resistant mutants. Thus according to in vitro tests, either of these two combinations would be suitable for prophylactic use in high-risk patients, especially those scheduled to receive prosthetic implants.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Lidwell, O. M., Lowbury, E. J. L., Whyte, W., Blowers, R., Stanley, S. J., Lowe, D.: Effect of ultraclean air in operating rooms on deep sepsis in the joint after total hip or knee replacement: a randomized study. British Medical Journal 1982, 285: 10–14.
Kluge, R. M., Calia, F. M., McLaughlin, J. S., Hornick, R. B.: Sources of contamination in open heart surgery. Journal of the American Medical Association 1984, 230: 1415–1418.
Charnley, J., Eftekhar, N.: Postoperative infection in total prosthetic replacement arthroplasty of the hip-joint with special reference to the bacterial content of the air of the operating room. British Journal of Surgery 1969, 56: 641–649.
Keighley, M. R. B., Burdon, D. W.: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in surgery. Pitman Medical Publishing C. Ltd., London, 1979.
Kaiser, A. B., Clayson, K. R., Mulherin, J. L., Roach, A. C., Allen, T. R., Edwards, W. H., Dale, W. A.: Antibiotic prophylaxis in vascular surgery. Annals of Surgery 1978, 188: 283–288
Clark, R. E., Amos, W. C., Higgins, V., Bemberg, K. F., Weldon, C. S.: Infection control in cardiac surgery. Surgery 1976, 79: 89–96.
Fong, I. W., Boker, C. B., McKee, D. C.: The value of Prophylactic antibiotics in aorta-coronary bypass operations. A double-blind randomized trial. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1979, 78: 908–913.
Newson, S. W. B.: Antibiotic prophylaxis for open heart surgery. Jounal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1978, 4: 389–391
Myerowitz, P. D., Caswell, K., Lindsay, W. G., Nicoloff, D. M.: Antibiotic prophylaxis for open heart surgery. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 1977, 73: 625–629.
Price, E. H., Brain, A., Dickson, J. A. S.: An outbreak of infection with gentamicin and methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus in a neonatal unit. Journal of Hospital Infection 1980, 1: 221–228.
Hone, R., Cafferkey, M., Keane, C. T., Harte-Barry, M., Moorhouse, E., Carroll, R., Martin, F., Ruddy, R.: Bacteraemia in Dublin due to gentamicin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus. Journal of Hospital Infection 1981, 2: 119–126.
Rosendal, K., Bang, J., Rosdahl, V. T.: GentamicinresistantStaphylococcus aureus strains isolated in Denmark in 1979. Acta Pathologica et Microbiologica Scandanavica (B) 1981, 89: 185–191.
Crossley, K., Loesch, D., Landesman, B., Mend, K., Chern, M., Strate, R.: An outbreak of infections caused by strains ofStaphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and aminoglycosides. I. Clinical studies. Journal of Infectious Diseases 1979, 139: 273–279.
Haley, R. W., Hightower, A. W., Khabbaz, R. F., Thornsberry, C., Martone, W. J., Allen, J. R., Hughes, J. M.: The emergence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus infections in United States hospitals. Annals of Internal Medicine 1982, 97: 297–308
Archer, G. L.: Antimicrobial susceptibility and selection of resistance amongStaphylococcus epidermidis isolates recovered from patients with infections of indwelling foreign devices. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1978, 14: 353–359.
Archer, G. L., Tenenbaum, M. J.: Antibiotic-resistantStaphylococcus epidermidis in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1980, 17: 269–272.
Cynamon, M. H., Granato, P. A.: Comparison of the in vitro activities of teichomycin A2 and vancomycin against staphylococci and enterococci. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1982, 21: 504–505.
Elek, S. D., Hilson, G. R. F.: Combined agar diffusion and replica plating techniques in the study of antibacterial substances. Journal of Clinical Pathology 1954, 7: 37–44.
Kerry, D. W., Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T., Brumfitt, W.: Trimethoprim and rifampicin: In vitro activities separately and in combination. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1975, 1: 417–427.
Editorial: How much infection and the cost? Journal of Hospital Infection 1981, 2: 103–204.
Daschner, F.: Economic aspects of hospital infections. Journal of Hospital Infection 1982, 3: 1–4.
Ericson, C., Lidgren, L., Lindberg, L.: Cloxacillin in the prophylaxis of postoperative infections of the hip. Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery 1973, 55A: 808–813.
Lobo, M. C., Mandell, G. L.: Treatment of experimental staphylococcal infection with rifampicin. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1972, 2: 195–200.
Kissling, M., Bergamini, N.: Rifampicin in free combination with other antimicrobial drugs in non-Tb infections. Chemotherapy 1981, 27: 368–402.
Atlas, E., Turck, K.: Laboratory and clinical evaluation of rifampicin. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 1968, 256: 247–254.
Citron, K. M., May, J. R.: Rifamycin antibiotics in chronic purulent bronchitis. Lancet 1969, ii: 982–983.
Stratford, B. C., Rubbo, S. D., Christie, R., Dixson, S.: Treatment of the nasal carriage ofStaphylococcus aureus with framycetin and other antibacterials. Lancet 1960, ii: 1225–1227.
Sande, M., Mandell, G. L.: Effect of rifampicin on nasal carriage ofStaphylococcus aureus. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 1975, 7: 294–297.
Brumfitt, W., Hamilton-Miller, J. M. T.: Rifaprim (rifampicin + trimethoprim): clinical experience, pharmacokinetics and effects on the normal flora in man. Drugs Under Experimental and Clinical Research 1981, 7: 335–344.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dixson, S., Brumfitt, W. & Hamilton-Miller, J.M.T. In vitro activity of six antibiotics against multiresistant staphylococci and other gram-positive cocci. Eur. J, Clin. Microbiol. 4, 19–23 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02148654
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02148654