Abstract
The effect of soil-incorporated copper, tri-allate, and anthracene on the emergence and early growth of three Australian native species (Banksia ericifolia, Casuarina distyla andEucalyptus eximia) and three crop species (Avena sativa, Cucumis sativus andGlycine max), was assessed using OECD Test Guideline 208. The crop species are sensitive species used in overseas phytotoxicity testing, and their responses were compared with those of the native species. Seeds were grown in pots in a glasshouse in a sandy loam soil at the chemical concentrations of 0, 10, 100, 1000 and 2000 mg kg−1. LC50 and EC50 values were determined for each species. The most sensitive species was the monocotyledonA. sativa, while among the five dicotyledonsC. distyla was most sensitive. All three chemicals delayed emergence and affected seedling growth. The results indicate that the conditions of the OECD Test Guideline can be met under Australian conditions, but that the Guideline requires modification for use with Australian native species.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Baker R J and Nelder J A 1978 The Glim System Release 3: Generalised Linear Interactive Modelling. Royal Statistical Society, London.
Boland D J Brooker M I H and Turnbull J W 1980 Eucalyptus Seed. CSIRO, Canberra, pp. 89–119.
Fletcher J S, Muhitch M J, Vann D R, McFarlane J C and Benenati F E 1985 PHYTOTOX database evaluation of surrogate plant species recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 4, 523–532.
Guderian R, Tingey D T and Rabe R 1985 Effects of Photochemical Oxidants on Plants.In Air Pollution by Photochemical Oxidants: Ecological Studies 52. Ed. R Guderian. pp 129–333. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Merry R H, Tiller K G and Alston A M 1986 The effects of contamination of soil with copper, lead and arsenic on the growth and composition of plants. I. Effects of season, genotype. soil temperature and fertilizers. Plant and Soil 91, 115–128.
Mott J J and Groves R H 1981 Germination strategies.In The Biology of Australian Plants. Eds. J S Pate and A J McComb. pp 307–341. University of Western Australia Press, Nedlands, WA.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 1984 OECD Chemical Testing Programme of the Ecotoxicology Group, test number 208, terrestrial plants, growth trest. OECD, Paris.
Richards D and Beardsell D 1987 Seed dormancy.In Germination of Australian Native Plant Seed. Ed. P J Langkamp. pp 1–13. Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Smith A E 1971 Disappearance of triallate from field soils. Weed Sci. 19, 536–537.
State Pollution Control Commission 1983 Pollution Control in NSW: A Progress Report. SPCC, Sydney.
Thurston R V, Gilfoil T A, Meyn E L, Zajdel R K, Aoki T I and Veith G D 1985 Comparative toxicity of ten organic chemicals to ten common aquatic species. Water Res. 9, 1145–1155.
Turnbull J and Doran J 1987 Seed development and germination in the Myrtaceae.In Germination of Australian Native Plant Seed. Ed. P J Langkamp. pp 46–57, Inkata Press, Melbourne.
Walsh L M, Erhardt W H and Seibel H D 1972 Copper toxicity in snapbeans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J. Environ. Qual. 1, 197–200.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mitchell, R.L., Burchett, M.D., Pulkownik, A. et al. Effects of environmentally hazardous chemicals on the emergence and early growth of selected Australian plants. Plant Soil 112, 195–199 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02139995
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02139995