Bakan, D. (1966).The Duality of Human Existence: Isolation and Communion in Western Man. Beacon, Press, Boston.
Google Scholar
Berndt, T. J. (1982). The features and effects of friendship in early adolescence.Child Develop. 53: 1447–1460.
Google Scholar
Best, R. (1983).We've All Got Scars. University of Indiana Press, Bloomington.
Google Scholar
Block, J. H. (1973). Conceptions of sex role: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives.Am. Psychol. 28: 512–526.
Google Scholar
Blyth, D. A., Hill, J. P., and Thiel, K. S. (1982). Early adolescents' significant others: Grade and gender differences in perceived relationships with familial and non-familiar adults and young people.J. Youth Adoles. 11: 425–450.
Google Scholar
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979).The Ecology of Human Development. Harper & Row, Cambridge, MA.
Google Scholar
Brown, B. A. (1985). Factors influencing the process of withdrawal by female adolescents from the role of competitive age group swimmer.Sociol. Sport J. 2, 111–129.
Google Scholar
Borman, K. M., and Kurdek, L. A. (1987). Gender differences associated with playing high school varsity soccer.J. Youth Adoles. 16: 349–400.
Google Scholar
Brownmiller, S. (1984).Femininity. Linden Press/Simon & Schuster, New York.
Google Scholar
Bush, D. M., and Simmons, R. G. (1988). Gender and coping with the entry into early adolescence. In Barnett, R. C. Biener, L., and Baruch, G. K. (eds.)Gender and Stress. The Free Press, New York.
Google Scholar
Bush, D. M., Simmons, R. G., Hutchinson, B., and Blyth, D. A. (1978). Adolescent perception of sex roles in 1968 and 1975.Public Opin. Quart. 41: 459–474.
Google Scholar
Butcher, J. (1985). Longitudinal analysis of adolescent grils' participation in physical activity.Sociol. Sport J. 2: 130–143.
Google Scholar
Carpenter, C. J., and Huston-Stein, A. C., (1980). Activity structure and sex typed behavior in preschool children.Child Develop. 51(3): 862–872.
Google Scholar
Chodorow, N. (1978).The Reproduction of Mothering: Psychoanalysis and the Ecology of Gender. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Google Scholar
Chodorow, N. (1974). Family structure and feminine personality. In Resaldo, M. Z., and Lamphere, L. (eds.),Women, Culture and Society. Stanford, University Press, Stanford, CA.
Google Scholar
Crockett, L. J., Roberts, L. R., and Petersen A. C. (1987, August). Gender, peer relations, and adjustment in early adolescence. Paper presented at the meetings of the American Psychological Association, New York.
Eccles, J. S., and Hoffman, L. W. (1984). Sex roles, socialization and occupational behavior. In Stevenson, H. W., and Siegal, A. E. (eds.),Research in Child Development and Social Policy (Vol. 1). University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
Google Scholar
Fischer, J. L., and Narus, L. R. (1981). Sex roles and intimacy in relationships.Psychol. Women Quart. 5: 164–169.
Google Scholar
Galambos, N. L., Almeida, D. M., and Petersen, A. C. (1990). Masculinity, femininity, and sex role attitudes in early adolescence: Exploring gender-intensification.Child Develop.
Gilligan, C. (1982).In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Google Scholar
Guttentag, M., and Longfellow, C. (1977). Children's social attributions: Development and change. In Keasey, C. B. (ed.),Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Google Scholar
Hill, J. P., and Lynch, M. E. (1983). The intensification of gender-related role expectations during early adolescence. In Brooks-Gunn, J., and Petersen, A. C. (eds.),Grils at Puberty: Biological and Psychosocial Perspectives. Plenum. New York.
Google Scholar
Jaquish, G. A., and Savin-Williams, R. C. (1981). Biological and ecological factors in the, expression of adolescent self-esteem.J. Youth Adoles. 10: 473–486.
Google Scholar
Kirshnit, C. (1989). Athletic involvement during early adolescence: Factors affecting sports participation and the effects of athleticism on perceptions of the self. Ph.D. dissertation, Lohola University of Chicago.
Larson, R., and Asmussen, L. (1988, November 3). Anger, worry, and hurt in early adolescence: An expanding world of negative emotions. Paper presented at the conference Adolescent Stress, Social Relationships and Mental Health, University of Massachusetts at Boston.
Larson, R., and Richards, M. H. (submitted). Daily companionship in childhood and adolescence: Changing developmental contexts.
Licht, B. G., and Dweck, C. S. (1984). Determinants of academic achievement: the interaction of children's achievement orientations with skill area.Develop. Psychol. 20: 628–636.
Google Scholar
McAdams, D. P., and Losoff, M. (1984). Friendship motivation in fourth and sixth graders: a thematic analysis.J. Social Pers. Relat. 1: 11–27.
Google Scholar
Medrich, E., Roizen, J., Rubin, V., and Buckley, S. (1982).The Serious Business of Growing Up. University of California Press, Berkeley.
Google Scholar
Offer, D., and Howard, K. I. (1972). An empirical analysis of the Offer Self-Image Questionaire for Adolescents.Arch. Gen. Psychiat. 27: 529–533.
Google Scholar
Parsons, J. E., Adler, T. F., and Kaczala, C. M. (1982). Socialization of achievement attitudes and beliefs: Parental influences.Child Develop. 53: 310–321.
Google Scholar
Peck, T. A. (1986). Women's self-definition in adulthood: From a different model?Psychol. Women Quart. 10: 274–284.
Google Scholar
Richards, M. H., Boxer, A. M., Petersen, A. C., and Albrecht, R. (1990). The significance of weight to feelings of attractiveness in pubertal boys and grils.Develop. Psychol., 26, in press.
Roberts, G. C., Kleiber, D. A., and Duda, J. L. (1981). An analysis of motivation in children's sports: the role of perceived competence in participation.J. Sport Psychol. 3: 206–216.
Google Scholar
Rosaldo, M. Z. (1974). Women, culture, and society: A theoretical overview. In Rosaldo, M. Z., and Lamphere, L. (eds.),Women, Culture, and Society. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
Google Scholar
Simmons, R. G., and Blyth, D. A. (1987).Moving into Adolescence: The Impact of Pubertal Change and School Context. Aldine de Gruyter, Hawthorne, NY.
Google Scholar
Simmons, R. G., Blyth, D. A., Van Cleave, E. F. and Bush, D. M. (1979). Entry, into adolescence: The impact of school structure, puberty, and early dating on self-esteem.Am. Sociol. Rev. 44: 948–967.
Google Scholar
Simmons, R. G., and Rosenberg, F. R. (1975). Sex differences in the self-concept in adolescence.Sex Roles 1(2): 147–159.
Google Scholar
Striegel-Moore, R. H., Silberstein, L. R., and Rodin, J. (1986). Toward an understanding of risk factors for bulimia.Am. Psychol. 41: 246–263.
Google Scholar
Sullivan, H. S. (1953).The Interpersonal Theory of Psychiatry. Norton, New York.
Google Scholar
Timmer, S. G., Eccles, J., and O'Brien (1985). How children use time. In Juster, F. T., and Stafford, F. P. (eds.)Time, Goods, and Well-Being. Institute for Social Research, Ann Arbor, MI.
Google Scholar
Urberg, K. A. (1979). Sex role conceptualizations in adolescents and adults.Develop. Psychol. 15: 90–92.
Google Scholar
Whiting, B. (1980). Culture and social behavior: A model for the development of social behavior.Ethos 8: 95–116.
Google Scholar
Whiting, B., and Whiting, J. (1975).Children of Six Cultures: A Psychocultural Analysis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
Google Scholar