Summary
Referring to a paper published in this review1, two further processes are described which might produce the supplementary energy necessary to start tornado formation according toKoschmieder's theory1. Firstly, in the air bordering on, and forced upward by, a cumulonimbus cloud, additional upward acceierations may develop conforming toNormand's considerations2, if the surrounding atmosphere is in a state of latent conditional instability. Secondly, upward accelerations may suddenly originate within the cumulo-nimbus itself if the supercooled water drops freeze at once (mixing stage)3. A satisfactory solution of the problem can of course only be given by quantitative and not purely qualitative considerations.
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References
G. Swoboda, Exper.1, 180 (1945).
H. Koschmieder, Wiss. Abh. RA. Wetterd., VI/3 (1940).
C. W. B. Normand, Qu. J. roy. met. Soc.64, 338 (1938).
N. R. Beers, Bull. amer. met. Soc.27, 54 (1946).
G. Swoboda, Exper.1, 180 (1945).
H. Koschmieder, Wiss. Abh. RA. Wetterd., VI/3 (1940).
C. W. B. Normand, Qu. J. roy. met. Soc.64, 338 (1938).
N. R. Beers, Bull. amer. met. Soc.27, 54 (1946).
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Schmidt, F.H. Zur Thermodynamik der Trombenbildung. Experientia 2, 493–495 (1946). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02137572
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02137572