Skip to main content
Log in

Urban bioclimatology in developing countries

  • Multi-Author Reviews
  • Published:
Experientia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A brief review of the literature on urban human bioclimatology in the tropics is undertaken. Attempts to chart human bioclimatic conditions on the regional/local scale have been made in several developing countries. The effective temperature scheme (with all its limitations) is the one that has been most frequently applied. The possibilities of application of bioclimatic models based on human heat balance for the tropical urban environment are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Auliciems, A., and Dedear, R., Air conditioning in a tropical climate: impacts upon European residents in Darwin. Int. J. Biometeor.30 (1986) 259–282.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Auliciems, A., and Kalma, J., A climatic classification of human thermal stress in Australia. J. appl. Meteor.18 (1979) 616–626.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Brazol, D., The optimal biological temperature (in Spanish). Meteor. Argentina1 (1951) 99–106.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Brooks, C. E. P., Climate in Every Day Life. E. Benn, London 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Chandler, T., Urban climatology and its relevance to urban design. WMO T.N. 149. WMO, Geneva 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Chowdhuri, A., and Ganesan, H., Meteorological requirements on air conditioning in relation to human habitat for comfort. Mausam34 (1983) 281–286.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Fanger, P. O., Thermal Comfort: Analysis and Applications in Environmental Engineering. McGraw-Hill, New York 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Flach, E., Human bioclimatology, in: World Survey of Climatology, vol. 3, pp. 1–187. Elsevier, Amsterdam 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Gregorczuk, M., and Cena, K., Distribution of effective temperature over the globe. Int. J. Biometeor.2 (1967) 145–149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Gregorczuk, M., Bioclimates of the world related to air enthalpy. Int. J. Biometeor.12 (1968) 35–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hentschel, G., A human biometeorological classification of climate for large/local scales. Proceed. Symposium on Climate and Health. WCAP-No. 1 (1987) 120–138.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Houghten, F. C., and Yaglou, C. P., Determining lines of equal comfort. Trans. ASHVE29 (1923) 163–176.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hounam, C. E.: Meteorological factors affecting physical comfort (reference to Alice Springs). Int. J. Biometeor.11 (1967) 151–162.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jauregui, E., and Soto, C., Wet-bulb temperature and discomfort index areal distribution in Mexico. Int. J. Biometeor.11 (1967) 21–28.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Jauregui, E., The urban climate of Mexico City, in: Proceed. Tech. Conf. on Urban Climate and its Applications with Special Regard to Tropical Areas. Ed. T. Oke, WMO No. 652, pp. 63–82. WMO, Geneva 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Jauregui, E., The human climate of tropical cities: an overview. Int. J. Biometeor.35 (1991) 151–160.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Jauregui, E., Bioclimatic maps for Mexico, in: Proceed. Int. Tagung f. Human-Biometeorologie, Annalen der Meteorologie, 28, pp. 90–93, Deutscher Wetterdients, Offenbach 1992.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jauregui, E., Bioclimatic conditions in Mexico City — an assessment, in: Preprints. Second Tohwa Univ. Int. Symp. on Urban Thermal Environment, pp. 173–174. Fukuoka, Japan, 1992.

  19. Jendritzky, G., and Nübler, W., A model analysing the urban thermal environment in pysiologically significant terms. Arch. Met. Geophys. Biokl. Ser. B29 (1981) 313–326.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kondratiev, P., New tables of effective temperature and maps of distribution of E.T. for U.S.S.R. (in Russian). Naut. Arch. NIK, Moskwa 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Lakshmanan, V., Discomfort index over India in different months of the year. Mausam35 (1984) 487–492.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Landsberg, H., Die mittlere Wasserdampfverteilung auf der Erde. Meteor. Rungschau17 (1964) 102–103.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Landsberg, H., The assessment of human bioclimate. T.N. 123, WMO No. 331. WMO, Geneva 1972.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Landsberg, H., Weather climate and human settlements. WMO No. 448. WMO, Geneva 1976.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Landsberg, H., The urban climate, in: International Geophysics series, vol. 28, Academic Press, New York 1981.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Mayer, H., and Höppe, P., Thermal comfort of man in different urban environments. Theor. appl. Climat.38 (1987) 43–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ngang'a, J., and Ngugi, G., Indices of comfort for towns in Kenya. Proc. Symp. Climate and Human Health II, pp. 190–199, UNEP/WMO/WHO, Leningrad/Geneva 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Niewolt, S., Tropical Climatology. Wiley, Chichester 1977.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Niewolt, S., Design for climate in hot humid cities, in: Proceed. Urban Climatology in Tropical Areas, pp. 514–534. Ed. T. R. Oke. WMO No. 652. WMO, Geneva 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Oke, T., Review of urban climatology 1968–73, T.N. 134. WMO, Geneva 1974.

    Google Scholar 

  31. Oke, T., Review of urban climatology 1973–76. WMO T.N. 169. WMO, Geneva 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Oke, T., Bibliography of urban climatology 1977–80. WCP-45. WMO, Geneva 1982.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Oke, T., Bibliography of urban climatology 1981–88. WCAP-15. WMO, Geneva 1990.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Olaniran, O., The physiological climate of Ilorin, Nigeria. Arch. Geophys. Biokl. B31 (1982) 287–299.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Padmanabhamurti, B., Urban climates of India, in: Proceed. WMO, Tech. Conf. on Urban Climatology in Tropical Areas, pp. 137–166. Ed. T. Oke. WMO No. 652. WMO, Geneva 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Park, H. S., and Kawamura, T., Sensible climates in monsoon Asia. Int. J. Biometeor.35 (1991) 39–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Rubinstein, M., Ganor, E., and Ohring, G., Areal distribution of the discomfort index in Israel. Int. J. Biometeor.24 (1980) 315–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Sani, S., An index of comfort for Kuala Lampur, in: Urbanization and the Atmospheric Environment in the Low Tropics. Penerbit University Press, Malaysia 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Scharlau, K., Die Schwüle als messbare Grösse. Bioklimatol. Beibl. Meteor. Z.10 (1943) 19.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Scharlau, K., Die Schwülezonen der Erde. Ber. Dtsch. Wetterd. (U.S. Zone)42 (1952) 246–249.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Subhramanyan, V. P., and Silvaramakrishnaiak, K., Bioclimatic classification of India and the neighbourhood with special reference to its significance for human comfort. I.J.M.R.52 (1964) 6–9.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Taesler, R., Climate characteristics and human health. Proceed. Symposium on Climate and Human Health. WCAP No. 2, pp. 81–119. WMO/UNEP/WHO, Geneva 1987.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Tannenbaum, J., and Sohar, E., The Significance of Culumative Discomfort Index as Measure of Daily Heat Load. Solar Lab. Technion, Israel 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Terjung, W., Physiologic climates of conterminous U.S.: a bioclimatic classification based on man. Annls Assoc. Am. Geogr.56 (1966) 141–179.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  45. Terjung, W., The geographical application of physioclimatic indices to Africa. Int. J. Biometeor.11 (1967) 5–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Terjung, W., World patterns of the distribution of monthly comfort index. Int. J. Biometeor.12 (1968) 119–151.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Thom, E. C., A discomfort index. Weatherwise12 (1959) 57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Tromp, S. W., Biometeorology. Heyden, London 1980.

    Google Scholar 

  49. Tunnel, G. A., World distribution of atmospheric water vapour. Geogr. Mem. 12, No. 100. Met. Office, London 1958.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Jauregui, E. Urban bioclimatology in developing countries. Experientia 49, 964–968 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02125643

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02125643

Key words

Navigation