Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Die Bedeutung der orthogonalen Elektrokardiographie und Vektorkardiographie für die klinische Kardiologie

  • Published:
Archiv für Kreislaufforschung Aims and scope Submit manuscript

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Schrifttum

  1. Abildskov, J. A. undE. D. Pence, A comparative study of spatial vectorcardiograms obtained with the equilateral tetrahedron and a “corrected” system of electrode placement. Circulation13, 263 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Abildskov, J. A., W. E. Ingerson undB. L. Hisey, A linear time scale for spatial vectorcardiographic data. Circulation14, 556 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Abildskov, J. A., W. W. Street, N. Solomon undA. H. Toomajian, Clinical observations with theFrank precordial lead system. Circulation17, 1069 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Ball, M. F. undH. V. Pipberger, The normal spatialQ R S-T angle of the orthogonal vectorcardiogram. Amer. Heart J. (im Druck).

  5. den Boer, W., H. C. Burger undJ. B. van Milaan, Vectorcardiograms of normal and premature beats in different lead systems. Brit. Heart J.17, 1 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Burch, G. E., J. A. Abildskov undJ. A. Cronvich, Spatial Vectorcardiography (Philadelphia 1953).

  7. Burger, H. C. undJ. B. van Milaan, Heart vector and leads. Parts I, II and III. Brit. Heart J.8, 157 (1946);9, 154 (1947);10, 229 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burger, H. C., J. B. van Milaan undW. den Boer, Comparison of different systems of vectorcardiography. Brit. Heart J.14, 401 (1952).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Burger, H. C., Lead vector projections. I. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1076 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Dower, G. E. undJ. A. Osborne, A clinical comparison of three VCG lead systems using resistance-combining networks. Amer. Heart J.55, 523 (1958).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Duchosal, P. W. undR. Sulzer, La vectocardiographie (Basel und New York 1949).

  12. Einthoven, W., G. Fahr undA. de Waart, Über die Richtung und die manifeste Größe der Potentialschwankungen im menschlichen Herzen und über den Einfluß der Herzlage auf die Form des Elektrokardiogramms. Pflügers Arch.150, 275 (1913).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Frank, E., General theory of heartvector projection. Circulation Research2, 258 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Frank, E. undC. F. Kay, Frontal plane studies of homogeneous torso models. Circulation9, 724 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Frank, E., The image surface of a homogeneous torso. Amer. Heart. J.47, 757 (1954).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Frank, E., A direct experimental study of three systems of spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation10, 101 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Frank, E., Determination of the electrical center of ventricular depolarization. Amer. Heart J.49, 670 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Frank, E., Measurement and significance of cancellation potentials on the human subject. Circulation11, 937 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Frank, E., C. F. Kay, G. E. Seiden undR. A. Keisman, A new quantitative basis for electrocardiographic theory; the normalQ R S complex. Circulation12, 406 (1955).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Frank, E., An accurate, clinically practical system for spatial vectorcardiography. Circulation13, 737 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Frank, E. undG. E. Seiden, Comparison of limb and precordial vectorcardiographic systems. Circulation14, 83 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Frank, E., Analysis ofR, L, F, B systems of spatial vectorcardiography. Amer. Heart J.51, 34 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Frank, E., Spread of current in volume conductors of finite extent. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 980 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Gabor, D. undC. V. Nelson, Determination of the resultant dipole of the heart from measurements on the body surface. J. Appl. Phys.25, 413 (1954).

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Geselowitz, D. B., Equivalent cardiac generator. Referat gehalten auf der Jahrestagung der Biophysical Society (Cambridge, Mass. 1958).

  26. Gillmann, H., Einführung in die vektorielle Deutung des Ekg (Darmstadt 1954).

  27. Grant, R. P. undE. H. Estes, Jr., Spatial Vector Electrocardiography, (Philadelphia 1951).

  28. Grishman, A. undL. Scherlis, Spatial Vectorcardiography. (Philadelphia und London 1952).

  29. Hartmann, I., R. Veyrat, O. A. M. Wyss undP. W. Duchosal, Comparaison vectorielle des électrocardiogrammes unipolaires recueillis en deux points d'un plan transversal, équidistants du centre et opposés par rapport au coeur. Cardiologia25, 317 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Helm, R. A., Theory of vectorcardiography. A review of fundamental concepts. Amer. Heart J.49, 135 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Helm, R. A., An accurate lead system for spatial vectorcardiography. Amer. Heart J.53, 415 (1957).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Langner, P. H., Jr. undS. R. Moore, Location of the electrical center of ventricular repolarization. Amer. Heart J.52, 335 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Langner, P. H., R. H. Okada, S. R. Moore undH. L. Fies, Comparison of four orthogonal systems of vectorcardiography. Circulation17, 46 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Levine, R. B., O. H. Schmitt undE. Simonson, Electrocardiographic mirror pattern studies. II. The statistical and individual validity of the heart dipole concept as applied in electrocardiographic analysis. Amer. Heart J.45, 500 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. McFee, R. undF. D. Johnston, Electrocardiographic leads. Parts I, II and III. Circulation8, 554 (1953);9, 255 (1954);9, 868 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Milnor, W. R., S. A. Talbot undE. V. Newman, A study of the relationship between unipolar leads and spatial vectorcardiograms, using the panoramic vectorcardiograph. Circulation7, 545 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Moore, S. R. undP. H. Langner, Jr., Location of the electrical center of ventricular depolarization. Amer. Heart J.51, 405 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Nelson, C. V. undH. H. Hecht, Investigation of horizontal components of heart-vector by means of circumferential chest leads at midventricular level. Fed. Proc.14, 107 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Okada, R. H., Multiple dipole representation of the human heart for vectorcardiography. Science127, 240 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Pipberger, H. V., Evaluation of quantitative methods for obtaining mean spatialQ R S vectors. Circulation16, 926 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Pipberger, H. V., The normal orthogonal electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram; with a critique of some commonly used analytic criteria. Circulation17, 1102 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Pipberger, H. V., Different methods of data display as sources of error in the analysis of the electrocardiogram. Referat gehalten auf der Jahrestagung der Biophysical Society 1958, Cambridge, Mass.

  43. Pipberger, H. V., Evaluation of quantitative methods in the interpretation of the electrocardiogram and vectorcardiogram. Clinical Research6, 225 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Pipberger, H. V. undC. R. Wood, Jr., A simplified method for the resolution of the orthogonal electrocardiogram. Circulation Research.6, 239 (1958).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Pipberger, H. V. undL. S. Lilienfield, The application of corrected electrocardiographic lead systems in man. Amer. J. Med. (im Druck).

  46. Polzer, K., Vergleiehende Gegenüberstellung der gebräuchlichen Abnahmemethoden der Vektorkardiographie. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Kreislaufforschg.18, 91 (Darmstadt 1952).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Regnier, M. undB. Taccardi, La variation du vectorcardiogramme spatial en fonction de la méthode utilisée. Acta cardiol.8, 268 (1953).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Reynolds, E. W., J. F. Cordes, P. W. Willis undF. D. Johnston, The use of the lead-field concept in the development of leads satis-factory for vectorcardiography. I. The sagittal lead. Circulation14, 48 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Sayers, B. Mc A., F. G. Silberberg undD. F. Durie, The electrocardiographic spatial magnitude curve in man. Amer. Heart J.49, 323 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Schaefer, H., Das Elektrokardiogramm (Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg 1951).

  51. Schaefer, H., Zur Gültigkeit der Vektortheorie des Ekg und über Inhalt und Wert des elektrischen Herzbildes. Münch. med. Wschr.96, 951 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Schaffer, A. I., The body as a volume conductor in electrocardiography. Amer. Heart J.51, 588 (1956).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Schmitt, O. H., R. B. Levine undE. Simonson, Electrocardiographic mirror pattern studies. I. Experimental validity tests of the dipole hypothesis and of the central terminal theory. Amer. Heart. J.45, 416 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Schmitt, O. H. undE. Simonson, The present status of vectorcardiography. Arch. Int. Med.96, 574 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Schmitt, O. H., Lead vectors and transfer impedance. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1092 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Schmitt, O. H., The biophysical basis of electrocardiography. Proc. National Biophysics Conference 1957, Columbus, Ohio (im Druck).

  57. Schmitt, O. H., Average resistivity of the human body. Fed. Proc.16, 440 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Schmitt, O. H., Twenty electrocardiographic lead systems: Their transfer impedance and correction coefficients. Fed. Proc.17, 143 (1958).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Schmitt, O. H., High distortion electrocardiographic lead systems. Referat gehalten auf der Jahrestagung der Biophysical Society (Cambridge, Mass. 1958).

  60. Schwan, H. P. undC. F. Kay, Specific resistance of body tissues. Circulation Research4, 664 (1956).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Schwan, H. P. undC. F. Kay, The conductivity of living tissues. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.65, 1007 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Schwan, H. P. undC. F. Kay, Capacitive properties of body tissues. Circulation Research5, 439 (1957).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Seiden, G. E., Anatomic location of the electric heart center in patients. Circulation12, 773 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Simonson, E., O. H. Schmitt, R. B. Levine undJ. Dahl, Electrocardiographic mirror pattern studies. III. Mirror pattern cancellation in normal and abnormal subjects. Amer. Heart J.45, 665 (1953).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Simonson, E. undA. Keys, The spatialQ R S andT vector in 178 normal middle-aged men. Body weight, height, relationship ofO R S andT and preliminary standards. Circulation9, 105 (1954).

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Stallmann, F., Über die Ableitetheorie des Elektrokardiogramms. Arch. Kreislaufforschg.25, 291 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Weisbart, M. H. undE. Simonson, The diagnostic accuracy ofQ 3 and related electrocardiographic items for the detection of patients with posterior wall myocardial infarction. Amer. Heart J.50, 62 (1955).

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Wenger, R., Klinische Vektorkardiographie (Darmstadt 1956).

  69. Wilson, F. N., F. D. Johnston undC. E. Kossmann, The substitution of a tetrahedron for theEinthoven triangle. Amer. Heart J.33, 594 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Yeh, G. C. K., J. Martinek undH. de Beaumont, Multipole representations of current generators in a volume conductor. Bull. Math. Biophysics (im Durck).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory for Electrocardiographic Research, Department of Medicine, Georgetoun University, School of Medicine, Washington D. C., USA

    Hubert V. Pipberger M. D. (Instructor in Medicine)

  2. Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Georgetoun University, School of Medicine, Washington D. C., USA

    Hubert V. Pipberger M. D. (Instructor in Medicine)

Authors
  1. Hubert V. Pipberger M. D.
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Mit 3 Abbildungen in 9 Einzeldarstellungen

Diese Arbeit wurde mit Unterstützung der American Heart Association ausgeführt.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Pipberger, H.V. Die Bedeutung der orthogonalen Elektrokardiographie und Vektorkardiographie für die klinische Kardiologie. Archiv für Kreislaufforschung 29, 58–76 (1958). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02122086

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02122086

Search

Navigation