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The expanding horizon of phonocardiography

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Summary

  1. (1)

    Phonocardiography is defined and the various bands of the vibratory spectrum are described, both from a physical standpoint and in relation to clinical methods of observation. Methods employed by various authors for recording phonocardiograms are compared. A new calibrated phonocardiograph is described.

  2. (2)

    International attempts at standardization of phonocardiography are summarized. Symbols for describing the vibrations of a phonocardiogram are discussed.

  3. (3)

    The advantages and disadvantages of various types of filters and the methods of calibrated and spectral phonocardiography are analyzed.

  4. (4)

    The vibrations created by the heart are separately described in the ultra-low, low, medium, and high frequency bands. A special discussion presents the author's viewpoints in regard to the two main components of the first sound and the so-called ejection sound.

  5. (5)

    The mechanism of production of the heart tones is described.

  6. (6)

    The value of the various tracings from a clinical standpoint is briefly analyzed.

Zusammenfassung

  1. 1.

    Der Begriff „Phonokardiographie” wird definiert und die verschiedenen Banden des Vibrationsspektrums werden beschrieben, sowohl vom physikalischen Standpunkt als auch im Hinblick auf klinische Untersuchungsmethoden. Die phonokardiographischen Aufzeichnungsmethoden verschiedener Autoren werden miteinander verglichen. Schließlich wird ein neuer Phonokardiograph beschrieben.

  2. 2.

    Über die internationalen Versuche einer einheitlichen phonokardiographischen Nomenklatur wird berichtet, und die verschiedenen Vibrationssymbole des Phonokardiogramms werden diskutiert.

  3. 3.

    Die Vor- und Nachteile verschiedener Filtertypen und die Methoden der kalibrierten und der spektralen Phonokardiographie werden erörtert.

  4. 4.

    Die Herzvibrationen werden für die Tief-, Nieder-, Mittel- und Hochfrequenz-Banden gesondert beschrieben. In einem speziellen Abschnitt stellt der Autor seine eigene Ansicht im Hinblick auf die beiden Hauptkomponenten I. Ton und sogenannter Austreibungston dar.

  5. 5.

    Der Mechanismus der Herzschallreproduktion wird behandelt.

  6. 6.

    Vom klinischen Standpunkt wird der Wert der verschiedenen Aufzeichnungsmethoden kurz analysiert.

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Author notes

  1. Aldo A. Luisada M. D. (Director, Division of Cardiology of the Chicago Medical School at Mount Sinai Hospital, Chicago)

    Present address: Division of Cardiology of the Chicago Medical School at Mount Sinai Hospital, 2755 West 15th Street, 8, Chicago, Illinols, (USA)

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    1. Aldo A. Luisada M. D.
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    Dedicated toBruno Kisch M. D. an occasion of his 70th birthday.

    With 15 figures in 28 details and 1 table

    This study was made under the tenure of an Undergraduate and a Postgraduate Training Grant of the National Heart Institute, U.S. Public Health Service.

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    Luisada, A.A. The expanding horizon of phonocardiography. Archiv für Kreislaufforschung 33, 38–62 (1960). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02119758

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02119758

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