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Surgical management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum

  • World Progress In Surgery
  • Published:
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Abstract

Approximately 5% of rectal cancers are locally advanced with adherence to the vagina, uterus, bladder, prostate, or other structures. Sacral involvement is fortunately rare in primary cancers. In about 50% of patients there is histologic confirmation of tumor invasion in the area of adherence. It is important to recognize the nature of these tumors pre-operatively so that the patient can be prepared for an exenterative procedure should this be necessary. When these tumors are removeden bloc, 5-year survival rates of 50% can be obtained with survival depending on the presence or absence of regional metastasis and also the presence or absence of histologic tumor invasion into adjacent structures.

Résumé

Environ 5% des tumeurs du rectum adhèrent aux structures adjacentes comme le vagin, l'utérus, la vessie, la prostate ou autres. L'envahissement du sacrum est heureusement plus rare dans les cancer primitifs. Chez environ 50% de ces patients, l'examen histologique confirme l'envahissement. Il est important de reconnaître ces tumeurs en préopératoire de façon à prévenir le patient d'une éventuelle intervention étendue si nécessaire. Lorsque ces tumeurs sont enlevées en bloc, la survie à 5 ans atteint 50%, selon qu'il existe ou non de métastases régionales ou un envahissement tumoral des structures avoisinantes histologiquement confirmé.

Resumen

Aproximadamente cinco por ciento de los cánceres rectales se encuentra en estado avanzado, con adherencia a la vagina, útero, vejiga, próstata y otras estructuras anatómicas. La invasión del sacro afortunadamente es rara en los cánceres primarios. En cerca del 50% de los pacientes hay confirmación histológica de invasión tumoral en el área de adherencia. Es importante tratar de reconocer la naturaleza de estos tumores preoperatoriamente, en tal forma que el paciente pueda ser preparado para un procedimiento de exenteración si éste se ve necesario. Cuando tales tumores son resecados en bloque, se pueden lograr tasas de 50% de sobrevida a cinco anos, la supervivencia dependiendo de la presencia o ausencia de metástasis regionales y también de la presencia o ausencia de invasión tumoral histológica de las estructuras anatómicas vecinas.

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Devine, R.M., Dozois, R.R. Surgical management of locally advanced adenocarcinoma of the rectum. World J. Surg. 16, 486–489 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02104452

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