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Adolescence and suicide: A review of psychological autopsy studies

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Abstract

Increasing suicide rates among youth in many European and other Western countries have prompted growing public concern. In this article, psychological autopsy studies and complementary results from other studies of adolescent completed suicide are reviewed. These studies show that the majority of adolescent suicide completers has suffered from severe psychosocial symptoms. Approximately two thirds of the victims have communicated their suicidal intentions, and about one third has made a previous suicide attempt. Less than half of the adolescent victims have been under psychiatric care, and even fewer at the time of suicide. Current knowledge on the specific risk factors for adolescent completed suicide is not conclusive. Further research is needed for understanding e.g. the mediating mechanisms of family related risk factors, and the role of antisocial and aggressive behaviour in adolescent suicide.

Résumé

Le taux roissant de suicides parmi les jeunes de nombreux pays européens ou occidentaux a attiré l'attention du public. Dans cet article, les études d'autopsie psychologique et les résultats complémentaires d'autres études d'adolescents ayant commis un suicide sont passés en revue. Ces études montrent que la majorité des adolescents qui se suicident ont souffert de symptômes psycho-sociaux sévères. Approximativement, 2/3 des victimes ont fait part de leurs intentions suicidaires et à peu près 1/3 avait fait une tentative de suicide auparavant. La moitié des victimes adolescentes avait bénéficié de soins psychiatriques et même moins à l'époque du suicide. La connaissance actuelle des facteurs de risque spécifiques pour un suicide accompli chez l'adolescent demeure incertaine. D'autres recherches sont nécessaires pour la compréhension des mécanismes liés aux facteurs de risques familiaux et pour comprendre le rôle du comportement anti-social et agressif dans le cas du suicide à l'adolescence.

Zusammenfassung

Steigende Suizidraten unter Jugendlichen in vielen europäischen und anderen westlichen Ländern haben zu einem wachsenden öffentlichen Problembewußtsein geführt. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden psychologische Obduktionsbefunde und ergänzende Ergebnisse anderer Studien zu Jugendlichen, die Suizid begingen, dargestellt. Diese Studien zeigen, daß die Mehrheit der Jugendlichen, die sich suizidierten, unter schweren psychosozialen Symptomen litten. Ungefähr zwei Drittel der Opfer hatten ihre suizidalen Intentionen mitgeteilt, und ca. ein Drittel hatte zuvor einen Suizidversuch unternommen. Weniger als die Hälfte der jugendlichen Opfer hatten jemals psychiatrische Hilfe erhalten; dieser Anteil war zum Zeitpunkt des Suizids noch niedriger. Gegenwärtige Erkenntnisse zu spezifischen Risikofaktoren für jugendliche Selbstmörder sind nicht eindeutig. Weitere Forschungsbemühungen sind erforderlich, um u.a. die mit wirksamen Mechanismen von familiären Risikofaktoren und den Einfluß antisozialen und aggressiven Verhaltens beim jugendlichen Suizid zu verstehen.

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Marttunen, M.J., Aro, H.M. & Lönnqvist, J.K. Adolescence and suicide: A review of psychological autopsy studies. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2, 10–18 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02098826

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