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Zur Klinik der exogenen allergischen Alveolitis (Übersichtsarbeit)

Extrinsic allergic alveolitis

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Abstract

Allergic alveolitis is a bronchiolo-alveolar lung disease caused by the inhalation of organic dust. It can take either an acute or chronic course. The immunological response of the lung is mainly of Type III (Arthus reaction of the lung). Precipitating antibodies can be found in the serum. Clinical diagnosis should be based on the following points: patient's history, clinical course, radiological findings, restrictive lung function pattern with an alveolocapillary O2-block (generally reversible after removal of the patient from the dust environment and, in some cases, hard to recognize when an obstructive lung disease is also present), and positive serological tests. Indeed, precipitating antibodies can be demonstrated in most of the acute cases. In our country farmer's lung is the most common allergic alveolitis. Its prevention and treatment are discussed.

Zusammenfassung

Die allergische Alveolitis ist eine schubweise oder chronisch verlaufende Bronchiolo-Alveolitis zufolge Inhalation organischen Staubes. Es handelt sich vorwiegend um eine Immunopathie vom Typ III (Arthus-Phänomen der Lunge); präzipitierende Antikörper zirkulieren im Serum. Die Diagnose stützt sich auf Anamnese, klinischen Verlauf, radiologischen Befund und die meist vorliegende restriktive Lungenfunktionsstörung mit alveolokapillärem O2-Block, die bei Expositionsprophylaxe reversibel ist, schließlich auf den positiven Ausfall der Präzipitinanalyse, deren diagnostische Aussagekraft jedoch nicht überwertet werden darf. Bei uns ist die Farmerlunge die häufigste allergische Alveolitis. Sie wird als Prototyp eingehend geschildert, insbesondere auch ihre Behandlung und Vorbeugung.

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  1. Pneumologische Abteilung, Medizinische Universitätsklinik, Bern, Schweiz

    M. Scherrer

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Scherrer, M. Zur Klinik der exogenen allergischen Alveolitis (Übersichtsarbeit). Pneumonologie 151, 95–103 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02097156

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