Abstract
We report recent results on a 20% reduced height 270–425 GHz SIS waveguide receiver employing a 0.49 µm2 Nb/AlO x /Nb tunnel junction. A 50% operating bandwidth is achieved by using a RF compensated junction mounted in a two-tuner reduced height waveguide mixer block. The junction uses an “end-loaded” tuning stub with two quarter-wave transformer sections. We demonstrate that the receiver can be tuned to give 0–2 dB of conversion gain and 50–80% quantum efficiency over parts of it's operating range. The measured instantaneous bandwidth of the receiver is ≈ 25 GHz which ensures virtually perfect double sideband mixer response. Best noise temperatures are typically obtained with a mixer conversion loss of 0.5 to 1.5 dB giving uncorrected receiver and mixer noise temperatures of 50K and 42K respectively at 300 and 400 GHz. The measured double sideband receiver noise temperature is less than 100K from 270 GHz to 425 GHz with a best value of 48K at 376 GHz, within a factor of five of the quantum limit. The 270–425 GHz receiver has a full 1 GHz IF passband and has been successfully installed at the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory in Hawaii. Preliminary tests of a similar junction design in a full height 230 GHz mixer block indicate large conversion gain and receiver noise temperatures below 50K DSB from 200–300 GHz. Best operation is again achieved with the mixer tuned for 0.5–1.5 dB conversion loss which at 258 GHz resulted in receiver and mixer noise temperature of 34K and 27K respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.R. Tucker and M.J. Feldman, “Quantum Detection at Millimeter Wavelength,”Rev. Mod. Phys. 57, 1055–1113, 1985
B.N. Ellison and R.E. Miller, “A Low Noise 230 GHz SIS Receiver,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 8, 609–625, 1987
B.N. Ellison, P.L. Schaffer, W. Schaal, D. Vail, and R.E. Miller, “A 345GHz SIS Receiver for Radio Astronomy,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 10, No. 8, 1989
C.K. Walker, J.W. Kooi, M. Chan, H.G. Leduc, P.L. Schaffer, J.E. Carlstrom, and T.G. Phillips, “A Low-noise 492 GHz SIS waveguide receiver,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol. 13, pp. 785–798, June 1992.
J.W. Kooi, M. Chan, T.G. Phillips, B. Bumble, and H.G. Leduc, “A low noise 230 GHz heterodyne receiver employing 0.25 µm2 area Nb/AlO x /Nb tunnel junctions,”IEEE trans. Microwaves Theory and Techniques, Vol. 40, pp. 812–815, May 1992.
L.R. D'addario, “An SIS Mixer for 90-120 GHz with Gain and Wide bandwidth,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 5, No. 11, pp. 1419–1433, 1984.
A.V. Räisänen, W.R. McGrath, P.L. Richards, and F.L. Lloyd, “Broad-band RF match to a Millimeter-Wave SIS Quasi-Particle Mixer,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-33, No. 12, pp. 1495–1499, 1985.
A. R. Kerr, S.K. Pan, M.J. Feldman, “Integrated Tuning for SIS Mixers,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 9, No. 2, pp. 203–212, 1988.
C.E. Honingh, G. de Lange, M.M.T.M. Dierichs, H.H. Schaeffer, Th. de Graauw, and T.M. Klapwijk, “Performance of a Two-Junction Array SIS-Mixer Operating Around 345 GHz,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-41, No. 4, pp. 616–623, 1993.
G. de Lange, C.E. Honingh, M.M.T.M. Dierichs, H.H.A. Schaeffer, H. Kuipers, R.A. Panhuyzen, T.M. Klapwijk, H. van de Stadt, M.W.M. de Graauw, and E. Armandillo, “Quantum limited responsivity of a Nb/Al2O3/Nb SIS waveguide mixer at 460 GHz”, Proc. 4th Int'l Symp. Space THz Technology, Los Angeles, pp. 41–49, 1993
M. Salez, P. Febvre, W.R. McGrath, B. Bumble, H.G. LeDuc, “An SIS Waveguide Heterodyne Receiver for 600 GHz — 635 GHz,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 15, No. 2, Feb. 1994.
J. Zmuidzinas, H.G. Leduc, J.A. Stern, and S.R. Cypher, “Two-junction tuning circuits for submillimeter SIS mixers,”IEEE accepted.
T.H. Büttgenbach, H.G. LeDuc, P.D. Maker, T.G. Phillips, “A Fixed Tuned Broadband Matching Structure for SIS Receivers,”IEEE Trans. Applied Supercond., Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 165–175, 1992.
K.F. Schuster, A.I. Harris, K.H. Gundlach, “A 691 GHz SIS Receiver for Radio Astronomy,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 14, No. 10, Oct. 1993.
E.C. Sutton, “A Superconducting Tunnel Junction Receiver for 230 GHz,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-31, No. 7, pp. 589–592, 1983.
K. Jacobs, U. Kotthaus, and B. Vowinkel, “Simulated Performance and Model Measurements of an SIS Waveguide Mixer using Integrated Tuning Structures,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 13, No. 1, pp. 15–26, 1992.
“Foundations for Microwave Engineering,” McGraw-Hill Physical and Quantum Electronics Series. 1966.
J.W. Kooi, C.K. Walker, H.G. LeDuc, T.R. Hunter, D.J. Benford, and T.G. Phillips, “A Low Noise 665 GHz SIS Quasi-Particle Waveguide Receiver,” submitted toInt. J. IR and MM Waves, December 1993.
T.H. Büttgenbach, T.D Groesbeck, and B.N. Ellison, “A Scale Mixer Model for SIS Waveguide Receivers,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 11, no 1, 1990.
A.V. Räisänen, W.R. McGrath, D.G. Crete, and P.L. Richards, “Scale Model Measurements of Embedding Impedances for SIS Waveguide Mixers,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 6, No. 12, pp. 1169–1189, 1985.
C.E. Honingh, “A Quantum Mixer at 350 GHz based on Superconducting-Insulator-Superconducting (SIS) Junctions,” PhD Dissertation, Groningen, The Netherlands, June 1993.
HP/EESOF CAD, Westlake Village, Ca. 91362.
J. Zmuidzinas, and H.G. LeDuc, “Quasi-Optical Slot Antenna SIS Mixers,”IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-40, No. 9, pp. 1797–1804, September 1992.
M. Gurivch, M.A. Washington, and H.A. Huggins, “High Quality Josephson Tunnel Junctions Utilizing Thin Aluminum Layers,”Appl. Phys. Lett., v.42, 472–474, 1983.
H.G. LeDuc, B. Bumble, S.R. Cypher, and J.A. Stern,Second International Symposium on Space Terahertz technology, Pasadena, Ca. Feb. 26–28 (1991).
A.R. Kerr, N.J. Bailey, D.E. Boyd and N. Horner, “A study of materials for a broadband millimeter-wave quasi-optical vacuum window,” Electronics Division Internal Report No. 292, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, August 1992.
J. W. Lamb, “Infrared filters for cryogenic receivers,” Electronics Division Internal Report No. 290, National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, April 1992.
P.F. Goldsmith, “Quasi-Optical techniques at Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelength,”.Infrared and Millimeter Waves, Vol 6, pp. 277–343, 1982.
S. Padin, G. Ortiz, “A Cooled 1–2 GHz Balanced HEMT Amplifier,”IEEE, Microwave Theory and Techniques, Vol 39, No 7, pp. 1239–1243, 1991.
M.K. Brewer, and A.V. Räisänen,IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory, Vol. 30, pp. 708, 1982.
A.R Kerr, “An Adjustable Short-Circuit for Millimeter Waveguides,” Electronics Division Internal Report No. 280, National Rasio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, VA 22903, July 1988.
A.R. Kerr, S.-K. Pan, M.J. Feldman, and A. Davidson, “Infinite Available Gain in a 115 GHz SIS Mixer,” Physica B, vol. 108, pp 1369–1370, Sept. 1981.
S.-K. Pan, M.J. Feldman, A.R. Kerr, E.S. Palmer, J.A. Grange, and P. Timbie, “Superconducting Tunnel Junction Receiver for 2.6 mm,” Digest of 8th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves, pp. M6.2/1–2, Dec. 1983.
D.P. Woody, R.E. Miller and M.J. Wengler, “85–115 GHz Receivers for Radio Astronomy,”IEEE trans. Microwaves Theory and Techniques, Vol. MTT-33, 1985, pp. 90–95
R. Blundell, R.E. Miller, and K.H. Gundlach, “Understanding Noise in SIS Receivers,”Int. J. IR and MM Waves, Vol 13, No. 1, pp. 3–26, 1992.
Q. Ke, and M.J. Feldman, “A Technique for Accurate Noise Temperature measurements for the Superconducting Quasiparticle Receiver,”Fourth international Symposium on Space Terahertz technology, UCLA, 1993.
M.J. Feldman, “An Analytical Investigation of the Superconductor Quasiparticle Mixer in the Low Power Limit,”IEEE Trans. Magnetics, Vol. 27, No. 2, pp. 2646–2649.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kooi, J.W., Chan, M., Bumble, B. et al. 180–425 GHz low noise SIS waveguide receivers employing tuned Nb/AIO x /Nb tunnel junctions. Int J Infrared Milli Waves 15, 783–805 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02096576
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02096576