Abstract
The primary symptoms and signs, indicating urography, in 369 patients with renal carcinoma have been reviewed. Gross haematuria was noted in 33%, signs of malignancy in 20% and in 13% metastases were first diagnosed. In 15% the renal tumor was an incidental finding at urography performed because of prostatism, cystopyelitis, hypertension and prostatic carcinoma. It is concluded that every urography must have such a high quality as to be able to evaluate the entire urinary system in all patients, as a renal carcinoma may be found at urography in any patient above the age of 30 years.
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Ekelund, L., Jonsson, K. How is renal carcinoma detected?. International Urology and Nephrology 9, 3–10 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02082659
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02082659