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Identification of mixed states using electron spectroscopy

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Abstract

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a highly surface sensitive technique and is used in identification of oxidation states in catalysts at various stages. Copper, silver and platinum based catalysts are widely used in petrochemical industries. Our attempts at characterization have revealed that elements in these catalysts are normally present then one stae. It is terefore essential to identify their in more chemical as well as oxidation states. Such identification combined with quantitative analysis of data is helpful in correlating catalyst performance. Examples of mixed state identification are presented.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Research Centre, Indian Petrochemicals Corporation Limited, 391 346, Vadodara, India

    Vijay Kumar Kaushik

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  1. Vijay Kumar Kaushik
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IPCL Communication No. 266

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Kaushik, V.K. Identification of mixed states using electron spectroscopy. React Kinet Catal Lett 55, 355–364 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02073071

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02073071

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