Abstract
A recognized model of tumor invasion requires cells to adhere to epithelial basement membrane and extracellular matrix components triggering release of proteases thus allowing cancer cells to invade the substrate. This adhesion is mediated byβ 1 integrins, a family of receptors to substrates such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. In order to study tumor invasion in follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), we used cell lines derived from a single patient's FTC primary tumor (FTC-133), neck lymph node metastases (FTC-236), and lung metastases (FTC-238).In vitro invasion as determined by the ability of the tumor cells to penetrate Matrigel® was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. FTC-133 did not invade, FTC-236 was moderately invasive, and FTC-238 was highly invasive. Immunoprecipation with a monoclonal antibody toβ 1 integrin subunits and SDS-PAGE showed increased synthesis and flow cytometry showed increased expression of this subunit in FTC-236 and FTC-238 compared to FTC-133. Proteolytic activity was assessed by gelatin zymography. FTC-238 cell extract and conditioned media exhibited a more complex array of proteases consistent with activated type I collagenase and stromelysin compared to the less invasive clones, however 72 and 92 kd gelatinases consistent with type IV collagenases were present in the conditioned media from all three lines. In conclusion,in vitro invasion parallelsin vivo metastasis by the source cells in the FTC-133/236/238 cell-lines. The ability to invade basement membrane preparation correlates with increased synthesis and expression ofβ 1 integrins and activation of tumor proteases.
Résumé
Pour qu'un modèle d'invasion tumorale soit valable, il faut que les cellules adhèrent à la membrane basale épithéliale et que des composantes du matrix extracellulaire facilitent le largage des protéases permettant aux cellules cancéreuses d'envahir le substratum. Cette adhésion est soue le contrôle des intégrines béta 1, une famille de récepteurs pour les substrats tels que le collagène, la laminine et la fibronectine. Pour étudier l'invasion tumorale dans le cancer folliculaire de la thyroïde (CFT), nous avons employé des cellules dérivées d'un CFT primitif (CFT-133), de métastases cervicales (CFT-236) et pulmonaires (CFT-238) d'un seul patient. L'invasionin vitro a été déterminée comme la capacité des cellules tumorales de pénétrer le Matrigel TM, évaluée en microscopie électronique. Cette invasion a été nulle pour les cellules CFT-133, modérée pour les CFT-236 et importante pour les CFT-238. L'immunoprécipitation avec des anticorps monoclonaux vis-à-vis des sous-unités d'intégrine béta-1 et SDS-PAGE a montré que la synthèse était augmentée; la cytométrie de flux a démontré une expression accrue de cette sous-unité en CFT-236 et CFT-238 comparée à des cellules CFT-133. L'activité protéolytique a été évaluée par la zymographie en gélatine. L'extrait de cellules CFT-238 et le média conditionné (MC) contenaient un groupe plus complexe de protéases telles une collagènase de type I et une stromélysine activées comparées à des clones moins invasifs. Les gélatinases 72 kd et 92 kd, cependant, telles les collagénases du type IV, étaient présentes dans les MC des trois lignées. En conclusion, l'invasionin vitro est similaire aux métastasesin vivo par les cellules source des lignées cellulaires CFT-133/236/238. La capacité d'envahir la membrane basale est correlée avec l'augmentation de la synthèse et de l'expression des intégrines béta 1 et l'activation des protéases tumorales.
Resumen
Un modelo válido de invasión tumoral requiere que las células adhieran a la membrana basal y que los componentes de la matriz extracelular activen la liberación de proteasas para que las células cancerosas puedan invadir el sustrato. La adherencia es mediada por las integrinasβ-1, una familia de receptores a sustratos tales como colágeno, laminina y fibronectina, todos componentes de la membrana basal o de la matriz extracelular. Con el objeto de estudiar la invasión tumoral en el cáncer folicular de la glándula tiroides (CFT), utilizamos líneas celulares derivadas del tumor primario de un paciente único con CFT (CFT-133), de las metástasis ganglionares cervicales (CFT-236) y de las metástasis pulmonares (CFT-238). La invasiónin vitro, determinada por la capacidad de las células tumorales de penetrar Matrigel, fue valorada mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido: CFT-133 no presentó invasión, CFT-236 apareció moderadamente invasivo y CFT-238 apareció altamente invasivo. La inmunoprecipitación con un anticuerpo monoclonal contra subunidades de integrinaβ-1 y SDS-PAGE demostró incremento en la síntesis, y la citometría de flujo demostró incremento de la expresión de esta subunidad en CFT-236 y en CFT-238, en comparación con CFT-133. La actividad proteolítica fue valorada por zimografía de gelatina. El extracto de CFT-238 y el medio condicionado (MC) exhibieron una mayor variedad de proteasas consistente con colagenasa activada tipo I y estromelisina, en comparación con con los clones menos invasivos; sin embargo, las colagenasas kd 72 y 92, consistentes con colagenasas tipo IV, estuvieron presentes en los MC de las tres líneas celulares. En conclusión, la invasiónin vitro se correlaciona con las metástasisin vivo por las células fuente en las líneas celulares CFT133/236/238. La capacidad para invadir la membrana basal de la preparación se correlaciona con síntesis y expresión incrementadas de las integrinasβ-1 y activación de las proteasas tumorales.
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Demeure, M.J., Damsky, C.H., Elfman, F. et al. Invasion by cultured human follicular thyroid cancer correlates with increasedβ 1 integrins and production of proteases. World J. Surg. 16, 770–776 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02067383
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02067383