Skip to main content
Log in

Surgical treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura

  • Original Scientific Reports
  • Published:
World Journal of Surgery Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The role of surgery in the treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is still discussed. The aim of this study was to verify our criteria of patient selection for splenectomy, to analyze the results of a protocol for the evaluation of the hemorragic risk, and to discuss long-term results of 70 patients with ITP who underwent surgical treatment from 1984 to 1990. All patients received steroid therapy. Sixty-two patients were given high doses of IgG (600 mg/kg/iv bolus) pre-operatively in order to obviate the need for intra-operative platelet transfusions. Forty-three patients showed a significant increase in the platelet count, 8 a moderate increase, while 11 patients did not respond. No operative mortality was observed, however postoperative minor complications occurred in 14 (20%) patients. Accessory spleens were found in 11 (15.7%) patients. Mean follow-up was 21 months. Response to splenectomy was considered as complete (platelets >150,000 mm3 with no need for medical treatment) in 63 (90%) patients. No response was observed in 7 patients. In 2 of the non-responders postoperative indium-111 scan revealed accessory spleens and ITP remitted after accessory splenectomy. All non-responders were in the group of patients who did not respond to the pre-operative infusion of high dose IgG. It can be concluded that splenectomy is a safe and effective treatment for ITP and that response to pre-operative infusion of IgG may be considered as predictive for the outcome after splenectomy.

Résumé

Le rôle de la chirurgie dans le traitement du purpura thrombocytopénique d'origine immune (PTI) reste discutée. Le but de cette étude a été de vérifier les critères de sélection pour proposer une splénectomie, d'analyser les résultats d'un protocole d'évaluation du risque hemorragique et, enfin, de discuter les résultats à long-terme chez 70 patients ayant un PTI traités chirurgicalement entre 1984 et 1990. Tous les patients ont reçu une corticothérapie. Soixante-deux patients ont reçu, en préopératoire par injection intráveineuse unique de fortes doses d'IgG (600 mg/kg) dans le but de réduire le besoin en transfusions de plaquettes. Quarante trois patients ont eu une augmentation significative de leur nombre de plaquettes, huit, une augmentation modérée, alors qu'onze n'ont eu aucune réponse. Aucun patient n'est décédé en période périopératoire, mais on a enregistré 14 complications (20%) postopératoires mineures. Des rates accessoires ont été retrouvées dans 11 cas (15.7%). Le suivi moyen a été de 21 mois. La réponse à la splénectomie a été considérée comme complète (plaquettes supérieures à 150000/mm3 sans besoin de traitement complémentaire) chez 63 patients (90%) alors qu'aucune réponse n'a été obtenue dans sept cas. Chez deux des patientes n'ayant pas répondu à la splénectomie, une scintigraphie à l'In-111 a montré l'existence de rates accesoires: le PTI a regressé après ablation de ces rates accesoires. Tous les patients qui n'ont pas répondu à la splénectomie étaient parmi les patients qui n'avaient pas répondu à la perfusion préopératoire de fortes doses d'IgG. On conclue que la splénectomie est sûre et efficace dans le traitement du PTI et que la réponse à une perfusion préopératoire d'IgG est corrélée à la réponse à la splénectomie.

Resumen

El papel de la cirugía en el tratamiento de la Púrpura Trombocitopénica Inmune (PTI) es todavía motivo de discusión. El próposito del presente estudio fue verificar los criterios de selección del paciente para esplenectomía, analizar los resultados de un protocolo para la evaluación de los riesgos de hemorragia y discutir los resultados a largo plazao en 70 pacientes con PTI sometidos a tratamiento quirúrgico entre 1984 y 1990. La totalidad de los pacientes recibió terapia esteroidea. A 62 pacientes se les administraron altas dosis de IgG (600 mg/kg en bolo IV) preoperatoiramente con el fin de obviar la necesidad de transfusión intraoperatoria de plaquetas. Cuarenta y tres pacientes exhibieron un incremento significativo en el recuento de plaquetas y 8 un incremento moderado, en tato que no hubo respuesta en 11 pacientes. No se registró mortalidad operatoria, pero hubo complicaciones menores en 14 casos (20%). Se hallaron bazos accesorios en 11 casos (15.7%). El seguimiento promedio fue de 21 meses. Se considerá que hubo respuestra completa a la esplenectomía (plaquetas sobre 15.000 mm3 sin necesidad de terapia) en 63 pacientes (90%); no hubo respuesta en 7 casos. En 2 de los pacientes que no respondieron la escanografía con In-111 reveló bazos accesorios y se logró remisión de la PTI con la rescessión de éstos. La totalidad de los casos que no respondieron se halló en el grupo de pacientes que no exhibieron respuesta a la infusión preoperatoria de altas dosis de IgG. Se llega a la conclusión de que la esplenectomía es una modalidad de tratamiento seguro y eficaz para la PTI y que la respuesta a la infusión preoperatoria de IgG puede ser considerada como un factor de predicción del resultado de la esplenectomía.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Harrington, W.J., Minnich, V., Hollingsworth, J.W.: Demonstration of a thrombocytopenic factor in the blood of patients with thrombocytopenic purpura. J. Lab. Clin. Med.38:1, 1951

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Harrington, W.J., Sprague, C.C., Minnich V.: Immunologic mechanism in idiopathic and neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann. Intern. Med.38:433, 1953

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Karpatkin, S.: Detection of splenic anti-platelets antibodies synthesis in idiopathic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Br. J. Hematol.23:167, 1972

    Google Scholar 

  4. McMillan, R.: Chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. N. Engl. J. Med.304:1135, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ahn, Y.S., Harrington, W.J.: The treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Ann. Rev. Med.28:299, 1977

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Robson, N.H., Duthic, J.J.R.: Capillary resistence and adrenocortical activity. Br. Med. J.2:971, 1950

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Carpenter, A.F., Wintrobe, M.M., Fuller, E.A., Haut, A., Cartwright, G.E.: Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. J.A.M.A.171:1911, 1959

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Mintz, S.J., Petersen J.R., Cheson, B., Cordell, L.J., Richards, R.C.: Splenectomy for immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Arch. Surg.116:645, 1981

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Schwartz, S.I., Hoepp, L.M., Sachs, S.: Splenectomy for thrombocytopenia. Surgery88:497, 1980

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Coon, W.W.: Splenectomy for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet.164:255, 1987

    Google Scholar 

  11. Musser, G., Lazar G., Hocking, W., Busuttil, R.W.: Splenectomy for hematologic disease: The U.C.L.A. experience with 306 patients. Ann. Surg.201:40, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  12. Akwari, O.E., Itani, K.M.F., Coleman, R.E., Rosse, W.F.: Splenectomy for primary and recurrent immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Ann. Surg.206:529, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Boxer, M.A., Braun, J., Ellman, L.: Thromboembolic risk of postsplenectomy thrombocytosis. Arch. Surg.113:808, 1978

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Aster, R.B., Keebe, W.R.: Sites of platelets destruction in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Br. J. Hematol.16:61, 1969

    Google Scholar 

  15. Deweese, M.S., Coller, F.A.: Splenectomy for hematologic disorders. West J. Surg.67:129, 1959

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Dameshek, W.: Systemic lupus erithematosus: Complex autoimmune disorder? Ann. Int. Med.48:707, 1958

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fink, K., Al-Mondhiry, H.: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in lymphoma. Cancer37:1999, 1976

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Wang, G., Ahn, Y.S., Whitromb, C.C., Harrington, W.J.: Development of polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia during the course of refractory idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Cancer53:1770, 1984

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Rosse, W.F.: Treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia. Clin. Hematol.12:267, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  20. Brennan, M.F., Rappaport, J.M., Moloney, W.C., Wilson, R.E.: Correlation between response to corticosteroids and splenectomy for adult idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. Am. J. Surg.129:490, 1975

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Ikkala, E., Kivilaakso E., Kohlainen, M.: Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in adults. Ann. Clin. Res.10:83, 1978

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Bussel, J.B., Schulman, I., Hilgartner, M.W., Barandun, S.: The use and mechanism of action of intravenous immunoglobulin with treatment of immune hematologic disease. Br. J. Hematol.56:1, 1984

    Google Scholar 

  23. Schreiber, A.D., Chien, P., Tomaski, A., Sines, D.B.: Effect of danazol in immune thrombocytopenic purpura. N. Engl. J. Med.316:503, 1987

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chirletti, P., Cardi, M., Barillari, P. et al. Surgical treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. World J. Surg. 16, 1001–1004 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02067017

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02067017

Keywords

Navigation