Abstract
Formerly in Japan, the treatment of anal diseases was performed with techniques transmitted from Asian countries such as China and Korea using herbs, necrotizing agents, ligation, seton, and other methods. Before World War II, western medicine and techniques were brought in from Germany, including Whitehead's operation. After the war, new knowledge was introduced from the United Kingdom and the United States: ligation and excision for hemorrhoids, sphincter-preserving methods such as Hanley's and Parks' for fistulas, and sliding skin graft methods such as Carmels' for anal fissure. After their introduction, those methods were revised and improved in Japan. Unfortunately, however, the results of those improvements were not introduced to other countries in medical journals or in presentations at international conferences. At this time, I am honored to give an overview of proctology in Japan for this special Japanese issue.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Arakawa J. Nonsurgical treatment of anal diseases—the practice and long-term results. Surg Ther 1970;22:189–95.
Arakawa K. Treatment of hemorrhoids with a hemoligator. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1972;25:205–12.
Watanabe A. Our technique of Whitehead's operation and the result. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1970;23,48–9.
Iwadare J. Pathological condition of and treatment for disorders after Whitehead's operation. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1983;36:591–5.
Milligan ET, Morgan CN. Surgical anatomy of the anal canal, and the operative treatment of hemorrhoids. Lancet 1937;2:1119–24.
Ferguson JA, Heaton JR. Closed hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1959;2:176–9.
Parks AG. Hemorrhoidectomy. Surg Clin North Am 1965;45:1305–15.
Takano M. Anoderm-preserving Hemorrhoidectomy. Dis Colon Rectum 1980;23:544–9.
Matsuda Y. Operation of hemorrhoids. Gastroenterol Surg 1982;5:1281–9.
Thomson WH. The nature of haemorrhoids. Br J Surg 1975;62:542–52.
Haas PA, Fox TA Jr, Haas GP. The pathogenesis of hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:442–50.
Takano M. Anoderm cushion-preserved closed hemorrhoidectomy. J Clin Surg 1992;47:131–4.
Takano M. Cushion and anoderm-preserving hemorrhoidectomy. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1989;42:1–9.
Takano M. Management of anal diseases at outpatient clinic—the techniques and social insurance systems. Jpn Med J 1976;2743:13–8.
Arakawa K. Prevention and countermeasures for postoperative complication of anal diseases. J Clin Surg 1983;38:67–72.
Takano M. Application of cryosurgery for various anal diseases. Surg Ther 1979;11:268–74.
Noguchi K. Anal surgery in an outpatient clinic under local infiltration anesthesia. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1995;48:1100–6.
Kurokawa A. The classic treatment of anal fistula. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1995;48:1113–20.
Watanabe M. On the operation of Perianal abcess and anal fistula. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1955;12:475–80.
Parks AG. The pathogenses and treatment of fistula-in-ano. BMJ 1961;1:463–9.
Hanley PH. Conservative surgical correction of horseshoe abscess and fistula. Dis Colon Rectum 1965;8:364–8.
Sumikoshi Y, Takano M, Okada M. Classification of anal fistulas. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1972;25:177–84.
Takano M. Sphincter-preserving operation for low intersphincteric fistula. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1986;39:1–9.
Yamamoto Y. Surgical treatment of anal fistula by the mucosa-preserving resection of the primary abscess. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1980;33:461–5.
Sumikoshi Y. Problems of the anal sphincterotomy on the surgical operation of fistula-in-ano. J Clin Surg 1974;29:885–91.
Eisenhammer S. The anorectal fistulous abscess and fistula. Dis Colon Rectum 1966;9:91–106.
Takano M, Fujiyoshi T, Sagara Y. Extrasphincteric radical operation of deep, complicated fistulae. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1985;38:345–54.
Takano M. Supralevator fistulae with perforation to the rectum. J Jpn Soc Coloprootol 1980;33:471–76.
Takano M. Long-term results of anal fistula. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1996;49:1202–13.
Sumikoshi Y, Okada M, Sumie M. Clinico-pathological aspects of anal cancers. Stomach Intestine 1977;12:317–25.
Takano M, Fujiyoshi T, Sagara Y. Anal lesions observed in Crohn's disease. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1980;36:506–17.
Takano M, Sumikoshi Y, Sato S. Etiological classification of fissures. J Clin Surg 1972;27:107–11.
Chikuba H, Takiue T, Tetsuya O. Indication of my hemorrhoidectomy and it's speedy procedure with Barron's rubber band ligator. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1985;38:759–64.
Sakabe T. Treatment of the anal fissure. Surg Ther 1984;50:691–6.
Okada M. Application of sliding skin graft method for postoperative anal stenosis and mucosal prolapse. Operation 1971;25:823–30.
Carmel AG. Modern surgical treatment of hemorrhoides and new rectoplasty. Am J Surg 1948;75:320–4.
Takano M. Dentate-lined sliding skin graft for the treatment of anal fissure. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1989;42:492–7.
Takano M, Fujiyoshi T, Hidaka H. A new operation of ligation-excision & sliding skin graft for mucosal prolapse of the rectum. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1986;39:742–8.
Takemura H, Tsuchiya S, Kobayashi S. Perianal approach for rectal prolapse: Gant-Miwa operation with Thiersch wiring. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1982;35:476–82.
Takano M. Surgery of rectal prolapse and incontinence: surgery of rectal prolapse-plication and sphincteroplasty. Operation 1992;46:923–9.
Takano M. Transanal plication method for rectal prolapse. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1985;38:253–7.
Takano M, Fujiyoshi T, Takagi K. Rectocele. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1989;42:987–93.
Tsuji Y, Takano M, Kubota I. Change in anorectal functions depending on sex and aging. J Jpn Soc Coloproctol 1995;48:1026–32.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Takano, M. Development and status of proctology in Japan. Dis Colon Rectum 40 (Suppl 10), S68–S73 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02062024
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02062024