Abstract
Field-caught adult male and femaleAedes hendersoni are difficult to distinguish from the sibling speciesA. triseriatus. We found that mosquitoes from the same sex of the sibling species can not be readily separated either by unique cuticular hydrocarbon components or by differences in percent composition of those components. Multivariate analysis of the cuticular hydrocarbon data does not provide good separation. Cuticular hydrocarbons were identified using gas chromatography electron-impact mass spectrometry and gas chromatography chemical-ionization mass spectrometry. Flame-ionization capillary gas chromatography was used for quantitative analysis of individual mosquitoes. Sixty-four hydrocarbons with chain lengths from C16 to greater than C46 were common to both species. Identified hydrocarbon components weren-alkanes, monomethylalkanes, dimethylalkanes, trimethylalkanes, and alkenes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berry, R., Parson, M.A., LaLonde, B.J., Stegmiller, H.W., Lebio, J., Jalil, M., andMasterson, R.A. 1975. Studies on the epidemiology of California encephalitis in an endemic area in Ohio in 1971.Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 23:694–700.
Blomquist, G.J., Tillman-Wall, J.A., Guo, L., Quilici, D.R., Gu, P., andSchal, C. 1993. Hydrocarbon and hydrocarbon derived sex pheromones in insects: Biochemistry and endocrine regulation, pp. 317–351,in D.W. Stanley-Samuelson and D.R. Nelson (eds.). Insect Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biology. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
Carlson, D.A., andService, M.W. 1979. Differentiation between species of theAnopheles gambiae Giles complex (Diptera: Culicidae) by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons.Ann. Trop. Med. Parasitol. 73:589–592.
Carlson, D.A., andService, M.W. 1980. Identification of mosquitoes ofAnopheles gambiae species complex A and B by analysis of cuticular components.Science 207:1089–1091.
Chamberlain, R.W., andSudia, W.D. 1961. Mechanism of transmission of viruses by mosquitoes.Annu. Rev. Entomol. 6:1094–1096.
Chen, C.S., Mulla, M.S., March, R.B., andChaney, J.D. 1990. Cuticular hydrocarbon patterns inCulex quinquefasciatus as influenced by age, sex, and geography.Bull. Soc. Vector Biol. 15:129–139.
Davis, W.A. 1940. A study of birds and mosquitoes as hosts for the virus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis.Am. J. Hyg. 32:45–59.
Freier, J., andGrimstad, P.R. 1983. Transmission of dengue virus by orally infectedAedes triseriatus.Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 32:1429–1434.
Grimstad, P.R., Garry, C.E., andDeFoliart, G.R. 1974.Aedes hendersoni andAedes triseriatus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Wisconsin: characterization of larvae, larval hybrids, and comparison of adult and hybrid mesoscutal patterns.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 67:795–804.
Harmston, F.C. 1969. Separation of the females ofAedes hendersoni Cockerell andAedestriseriatus (Say) Diptera: Culicidae by the tarsal claws.Mosq. News 29:490–491.
Hedeen, R.A. 1963. The occurrence ofAedes hendersoni Cockerell in northern Illinois.Mosq. News 23:349–350.
Hoppe, K.L., Dillwith, J.W., Wright, R.E., andSzumlas, D.E. 1990. Identification of horse flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) by analysis of cuticular hydrocarbons.J. Med. Entomol. 27:480–486.
Howard, R.W., McDaniel, C.A., andBlomquist, G.J. 1978. Cuticular hydrocarbons of the eastern subterranean termite,Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).J. Chem. Ecol. 4:233–245.
Jackson, L.L., andBlomquist, G.J. 1976. Insect waxes, pp. 201–233,in P.E. Kolattukudy (ed.). Chemistry and Biochemistry of Natural Waxes. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Jallon, J., andDavid, J.R. 1987. Variations in cuticular hydrocarbons among the eight species ofDrosophila melanogaster subgroup.Evolution 41:294–302.
Kruger, E.L., andPappas, C.D. 1992. Cuticular hydrocarbon variation among fourteen populations ofAedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae).J. Med. Entomol. 30:544–548.
Kruger, E.L., Pappas, C.D., andHoward, R.W. 1991. Cuticular hydrocarbon geographic variation among seven North American populations ofAedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae).J. Med. Entomol. 28:859–864.
Lockey, K.H. 1988. Lipids of the insect cuticle: origin, composition, and function.Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 89B:595–645.
Lunt, S.R. 1977. Morphological characteristics of the larvae ofAedes triseriatus andAedes hendersoni in Nebraska.Mosq. News 37:654–656.
Luyten, J. 1983. Variations interspécifiques et intraspécifiques des hydrocarbures cuticulaires de quatre espèces affines du sous-groupemelanogaster. Spec. thesis. Universite Paris VII, Paris, France.
Matthews, T.C., andMunstermann, L.E. 1983. Genetic diversity and differentiation in northern populations of the tree-hole mosquitoAedes hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 76:1005–1010.
Nelson, D.R. 1978. Long-chain methyl-branched hydrocarbons: Occurrence, biosynthesis, and function.Adv. Insect Physiol. 13:1–33.
Novak, R.J., andPeloquin, J.J. 1981. A substrate modification for the oviposition trap used for detecting the presence ofAedes triseriatus.Mosq. News 41:180–181.
Novak, R.J., Peloquin, J., andRohrer, W. (1981). Vertical distribution of adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in a northern deciduous forest in Indiana.J. Med. Entomol. 18:116–122.
Paulson, S.L., Poirer, S.J., Grimstad, P.R., andCraig, G.B. 1992. Vector competence ofAedes hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae) for La Crosse virus: Lack of impaired function in virus-infected salivary glands and enhanced virus transmission by sporozoite-infected mosquitoes.J. Med. Entomol. 29:483–488.
Phillips, A., Sabatine, A., Milligan, P.J.M., Boccolini, D., Broomfield, G., andMolyneux, D.H. 1990. TheAnopheles maculipennis complex (Diptera: Culicidae): Comparison of the cuticular hydrocarbon profiles determined in adults of five Palearctic species.Bull. Entomol. Res. 80:459–464.
Pomonis, J.G., Nelson, D.R., andFatland, C.L. 1980. Insect hydrocarbons 2. Mass spectra of dimethylalkanes and the effect of the number of methylene units between methyl groups on fragmentation.J. Chem. Ecol. 6:965–972.
Rogers, J.S., andNewson, H.D. 1979. Comparisons ofAedes hendersoni andAe. triseriatus as potential vectors ofDirofilaria immitis.Mosq. News 39:463–466.
Rosa-Freitas, M.G., Broomfield, G., Priestman, A., Milligan, P.J.M., Momen, H., andMolyneux, D.H. 1992. Cuticular hydrocarbons, isoenzymes and behavior of three populations ofAnopheles darlingi from Brazil.J. Am. Mosq. Control Assoc. 8:357–366.
Saul, S.H., Sinsko, M.J., Grimstad, P.R., andCraig, G.B. 1977. Identification of sibling species,Aedes triseriatus andAe. hendersoni, by electrophoresis.J. Med. Entomol. 13:705–708.
Scholl, P.J., andDeFoliart, G.R. 1977.Aedes triseriatus andAedes hendersoni: Temporal and vertical distribution as measured by oviposition.Environ. Entomol. 6:355–358.
Sinsko, M.J., andGrimstad, P.R. 1977. Habitat separation by differential oviposition of two treeholeAedes in Indiana.Environ. Entomol. 6:485–487.
Sneath, P.H.A., andSokal, R.R. 1973. Numerical Taxonomy. W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Sokal, R.R., andRohlf, F.J. 1981. Biometry. W. H. Freeman, New York.
SYSTAT. 1992. SYSTAT Version 5.0 SYSTAT Inc., Evanston, Illinois.
Taylor, D.B. 1987. Genetic compatibility ofAedes (Protomacleaya) triseriatus withA. (P.) brelandi andA. (P.) hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 80:109–117.
Taylor, D.B., andCraig, G.B. 1985. Unidirectional reproductive incompatibility betweenAedes (Protomacleaya) brelandi andA. (P.) hendersoni (Diptera: Culicidae).Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 78:769–774.
Truman, J.W., andCraig, G.B. 1968. Hybridization betweenAedes hendersoni andAedes triseriatus.Ann. Entomol. Soc. Am. 61:1020–1025.
Watts, D.M., Morris, C.D., Wright, R.E., DeFoliart, G.R., andHanson, R.P. 1972. Transmission of LaCrosse virus (California encephalitis group) by the mosquitoAedes triseriatus.J. Med. Entomol. 9:125–127.
Watts, D.M., Grimstad, P.R., DeFoliart, G.R., Yuill, T.M., andHanson, R.P. 1973. Laboratory transmission of LaCrosse encephalitis virus by several species of mosquitoes.J. Med. Entomol. 10:583–586.
Watts, D.M., Grimstad, P.R., DeFoliart, G.R., andYuill, T.M. 1975.Aedes hendersoni: Failure of laboratory-infected mosquitoes to transmit La Crosse virus.J. Med. Entomol. 12:452–453.
Weinmann, C.J., andGarcia, R. 1974. Canine heartworm in California, with observation onAedes sierrensis as a potential vector.Calif. Vector Views 21:45–50.
Zavortink, T.J. 1972. Mosquito studies (Diptera: Culicidae). XXVIII. The New World species formerly placed inAedes (Finlaya).Contrib. Am. Entomol. Inst. 8:1–206.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Diptera: Culicidae.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pappas, C.D., Bricker, B.J., Christen, J.A. et al. Cuticular hydrocarbons ofAedes hendersoni cockerell andA. triseriatus (SAY). J Chem Ecol 20, 1121–1136 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02059748
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02059748