Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effects of temperature, light, carbon and nitrogen nutrition on reproduction in Phoma medicaginis

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Reproduction by three isolates ofPhoma medicaginis growing on potato dextrose agar was studied. The formation of pycnidia was optimum at 30°C whereas the optimum for the formation of conidia was 20°C. Light consistently increased the numbers of pycnidia and conidia over those formed in darkness and more conidia were produced in light at 23°C than at 30°C. The effects of carbon and nitrogen sources on reproduction were studied using modified Richard's medium as the basal medium. Fourteen carbohydrates, 11 amino acids, 9 inorganic nitrogen sources and urea were evaluated by replacing the carbohydrate or nitrogen in Richard's medium with the test substance. Generally, the monosaccharides and disaccharides were about alike and superior to polysaccharides for the production of pycnidia. The carbon sources were about equally useful for production of conidia, but the polysaccharides were superior to the other two classes of carbon sources when the number of conidia/pycnidium was calculated. Generally, the formation of pycnidia and conidia was favored by nitrate more than by ammonium nitrogen sources. The average number of conidia/pycnidium was greatest, however, when the nitrogen source was NH4NO3. All amino acids tested appeared to be useful nitrogen sources for production of pycnidia but none were especially good for conidia production. L-isoleucine was superior to the other amino acids tested. Of three isolates used, Illinois 23 consistently produced more pycnidia and conidia that did isolates Minnesota 2 and Missouri 5. Usually the significant interactions between isolates and other treatments were due to a greater response by isolate Ill. 23. It was concluded that the reproduction ofP. medicaginis varies significantly with the isolates of the fungus, the environment, and nutrients as well as with interactions among these factors, and conclusions about the influence of a particular factor will depend on whether the formation of pycnidia, conidia or conidia/pycnidium is being studied.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bennett, C. W. (1921) A phoma root rot of celery. Mich. State Univ. Expt. Station Tech. Bull. 53. 40 p.

  2. Calpouzos, L. &Lapis, D. B. (1970) Effects of light on pycnidium formation, sporulation, and tropism bySeptoria nodorum.Phytopathology 60:791–794.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Cochrane, V. W. (1958) Physiology of fungi. John Wiley & Sons, Inc. New York. 524 p.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Coons, G. H. (1916) Factors involved in the growth and pycnidium formation ofPlenodomus fuscomaculans.J. Agr. Res. 5:713–769.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Coons, G. H. &Levin, E. (1921) The relation of light to pycnidium formation in the Sphaeropsidales.Mich. Acad. Sci. Report 22:209–213.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Cormack, N. W. (1945) Studies onAscochyta imperfecta, a seed- and soil-borne parasite of alfalfa.Phytopathology 35:838–855.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Covey, R. P., Jr. (1962) Field resistance of flax to pasmo. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minneosta. 73 p.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Fulkerson, J. F. (1955) The relation of light to the production of pycnidia byPhysalospora obtusa.Phytopathology 45:22–25.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Guba, E. F. (1925)Phyllosticta leaf spot, fruit blotch and canker of the apple: Its etiology and control.Ill. Agr. Expt. Sta. Bull. 256. 77 p.

  10. Hawker, Lilian E. (1957) The physiology of reproduction in fungi. Cambridge University Press. London. 128 p.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  11. Hawker, Lilian E. (1966) Environmental influences on reproduction. p. 435–465. InG. C. Anisworth andA. S. Sussman (ed.), the Fungi. Vol. II. Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Kernkamp, M. F. &Hemerick, G. A. (1953) The relation ofAscochyta imperfecta to alfalfa seed production in Minnesota.Phytopathology 43:378–382.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Leach, C. M. (1962) Sporulation of diverse species of fungi under near ultraviolet radiation.Canad. J. Bot. 40:151–161.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Leach, C. M. (1962) The quantitative relationship of ultraviolet and visible radiation on the induction of reproduction inAscochyta pisi.Canad. J. Bot. 40:1577–1602.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Leonian, L. H. (1924) A study of factors promoting pycnidium formation in some Sphaeropsidales.Amer. J. Bot. 9:19–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Lilly, V. G. &Barnett, H. H. (1951) Physiology of the fungi. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York. 464 p.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mead, H. W. (1953) Studies on black stem of alfalfa caused byAscochyta imperfecta Peck. I. Seed and seedling phases of the disease.Canad. J. Agr. Sci. 33:500–505.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Mead, H. W. (1962) Studies onAscochyta imperfecta Peck. Factors affecting sporulation of Canadian isolates on natural and artiticial media.Canad. J. Bot. 40:263–271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Mead, H. W. (1962) Studies onAscochyta imperfecta Peck. Changes in physical characteristics of Canadian isolates on agar amended with various amino acids.Canad. J. Bot. 40:1365–1370.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Mead, H. W. (1965) Resume of data on black stem of alfalfa caused byAscochyta imperfecta Peck.Canad. Plant Dis. Survey 44:134–141.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Mix, A. J. (1933) Factors affecting the sporulation ofPhyllosticta solitaria in artificial culture.Phytopathology 23:503–524.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Peterson, M. L. &Melchers, L. E. (1942) Studies on black stem of alfalfa caused byAscochyta imperfecta.Phytopathology 32:590–597.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Renfro, B. L. &Wilcoxson, R. D. (1963) Production and storage of inoculum ofPhoma herbarum var.medicaginis.Plant Dis. Rep. 47:168–169.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Richards, G. S. (1951) Factors influencing sporulation bySeptoria nodorum.Phytopathology 41:571–578.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Riker, A. J. &Riker, Regina S. (1936) Introduction to research on plant disease. John S. Swift Co., Chigaco. 117 p.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Satour, M. M., Webster, R. K. &Hewitt, W. B. (1969) Studies onDiploida andDiploida-like fungi. I. Effects of carbon sources on certain taxonomic characters and on growth in agar culture.Hilgardia 39:601–629.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Satour, M. M., Webster, R. K. &Hewitt, W. B. (1969) Studies onDiplodia andDiploida-like fungi. II. Effects of nitrogen sources on growth, sporulation, and certain taxonomic characters.Hilgardia 39:631–653.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Schenck, N. C. &Gerdmann, J. W. (1956) Taxonomy, pathogenicity, and host parasite relations ofPhoma trifollii andPhoma herbarum var.medicaginis.Phytopathology 56:194–200.

    Google Scholar 

  29. Steel, R. G. D. &Torrie, J. H. (1960) Principles and procedures of statistics. McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc. New York. 481 p.

    Google Scholar 

  30. Tandon, R. N. &Bilgrami, K. S. (1957) Nitrogen nutrition ofPhyllostica artocarpina (Syd. &Butl.)Proc. Nat. Acd. Sci. India. 27B:269–273.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. Roy D. Wilcoxson (former Research Assistant)

    Present address: College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suwon, Korea

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Pathology, University of Minnesota, USA

    Roy D. Wilcoxson (former Research Assistant)

  2. Department of Plant Pathology St. Paul., USA

    Roy D. Wilcoxson (former Research Assistant)

Authors
  1. Hoo Sup Chung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roy D. Wilcoxson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

Paper No. 7425, Scientific Journal Series, Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chung, H.S., Wilcoxson, R.D. Effects of temperature, light, carbon and nitrogen nutrition on reproduction in Phoma medicaginis. Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata 44, 297–308 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02052703

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02052703

Keywords

Search

Navigation