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The ethics of clinical research with cognitively impaired subjects

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Abstract

The impossibility of obtaining the informed consent of a demented patient does not necessarily represent an ethical objection to undertaking a research study and there is no need to have recourse to alternatives such as substitutive consent.

Once ascertained the scientific relevance of a scientific project, the negligibility of burdens and risks for participants and the impossibility to employ less vulnerable (non demented) patients, the fundamental justification is the moral duty of demented patients (as well of the others members of society) to contribute towards the pursuit of the common good also through their participation in experimental studies, in the same way that society makes use also of biomedical research in order to promote the health of all its members.

Sommario

L'impossibilità di ottenere il consenso ad una sperimentazione direttamente dal paziente non rappresenta necessariamente un ostacolo decisivo ad effettuare tale ricerca nel paziente demente e indipendentemente dal ricorso ad un consenso sostitutivo.

Una volta accertato che il progetto di ricerca è di rilievo scientifico, non comporta oneri o rischi rilevanti per chi vi partecipa e non può essere condotto su categorie di pazienti meno vulnerabili (pazienti non dementi), la giustificazione fondamentale per la partecipazione di pazienti affetti da demenza è il dovere morale (loro come degli altri membri della società) di contribuire al perseguimento del bene comune anche attraverso la partecipazione a ricerche sperimentali, così come la società si avvale anche della ricerca biomedica per promuovere la salute di tutti i suoi membri.

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References

  1. For a detailed defence of this proviso see myThe Value of Life, Routledge, London 1992. Chapter 1.

  2. This paper is a much abbreviated and specially adapted version of a longer exercise. The longer and somewhat different argument can be found in “Ethical Issues in Geriatric Medicine” in Tallis and Brockelhurst Eds.Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology 5th Edition. 1997 in press.

  3. Hillel SteinerA Theory of Rights, Blackwell, Oxford, 1994, p. 258.

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  4. Steven Hirsch and John Harris Eds.Consent and the Incompetent Patient, The Royal College of Psychiatrists, 1988.

  5. British Medical Association: Medical Ethics Today: Its Practice and Philosophy (BMA, London, 1993), 219–29. Ciba Foundation Study Group: “Medical research: civil liability and compensation for personal injury — a discussion paper”. BMJ, 280 (10 May 1980), 1172–5.

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Harris, J. The ethics of clinical research with cognitively impaired subjects. Ital J Neuro Sci 18 (Suppl 5), 9–13 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02048200

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