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Treatment of distal femoral fractures in the elderly Results with the retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail

Die retrograde Verriegelungsnagelung distaler Femurfrakturen. Ergebnisse bei älteren Patienten

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Abstract

The drawbacks of plating techniques for the treatment of distal femoral fractures are the need for a large exposure with the possible risk of soft tissue damage, devascularisation of bone fragments and loss of the possible positive effect of the fracture hematoma. Moreover, early weight bearing is not advisable with these implants. To find out whether the retrograde nailing of distal femoral fractures is beneficial we performed this study. Between March 1, 1993 and September 1, 1995, 25 patients with 26 distal femoral fractures were treated in our department with retrograde femoral nailing. According to the ASIF-classification we classified 20 fractures as supracondylar A fractures and 6 fractures as intercondylar C fractures. All fractures were closed and without important soft tissue damage. One patient died of a not fracture-related cause before fracture healing was achieved. Twenty-five fractures healed. According to our relative Neer-score we counted 18/25 (72%) excellent results (≥ 85 points), 5/25 (20%) good results (≥ 70 points), 1 (4%) fair result (≥ 55 points) and 1 (4%) bad result (< 55 points). The retrograde intramedullary nailing makes a biological osteosynthesis of distal femoral fractures possible. Also in our aged patients good functional results could be obtained. Poor hold of the distal interlocking screws and difficult interlocking are the 2 major technical problems encountered with this implant. Early weight bearing is not advisable.

Zusammenfassung

Die Nachteile konventioneller Stabilisierungsmethoden distaler Femurfrakturen sind die damit verbundene Schädigung der Weichteile und damit auch die Devaskularisierung der Frakturfragmente. Die gedeckte Osteosynthese mittels retrograder Femurnagelung wurde von uns als biologische Alternative untersucht. An der Unfallchirurgischen Abteilung der Universitätsklinik Gasthuisberg Leuven wurden vom 1. 3. 1993 his 1. 9. 1995 25 Patienten mit 26 distalen Femurfrakturen mit einem retrograden Femurnagel behandelt. Nach der AO-Klassifikation wurden 20 Frakturen als Typ-A- und sechs als Typ-C-Frakturen klassifiziert. Alle Frakturen wares geschlossen und ohne schwere Weichteilverletzung. Eine Patientin starb frühzeitig infolge einer nicht mit der Femurfraktur zusammenhängenden Erkrankung. Die anderen 25 Frakturen heilten komplikationslos. Nach unserer „relatives Neer-Klassifikation” fanden wir 18/25 (72%) ausgezeichnete (≥ 85 Punkte), 5/25 (20%) gute Ergebnisse (≥ 70 Punkte), ein (4%) mäßiges Ergebnis (≥ 55 Punkte) und ein (4%) schlechtes Ergebnis (< 55 Punkte). Die retrograde Femurnagelung ermöglicht eine biologische Osteosynthese distaler Femurfrakturen mit minimaler Schädigung der Weichteile und Devaskularisierung der Frakturfragmente.

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Correspondence to Heinrich M. J. Janzing M.D..

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Janzing, H.M.J., Vaes, F., Van Damme, G. et al. Treatment of distal femoral fractures in the elderly Results with the retrograde intramedullary supracondylar nail. Unfallchirurgie 24, 55–59 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02044354

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02044354

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