Abstract
Sand granule are used as a filter bed in many ground water treatment stations to remove particulate matter from untreated water. A build up of radioactivity may take place on the granules. The disposal of those granules poses a significant problem. A batch technique was used to test the possibility of removing radioactivity from actual samples of the loaded sands. The study was limited to combined radium (226Ra and228Ra). Acidity, temperature, contact time and liquid-to-solid ratio were thoroughly investigated as factors affecting the treatment process. The data obtained are discussed on the basis of the experimental results.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
W. S. MOORE, L. M. COOKE, Nature (London), 253 (1975) 262.
W. L. BRINCK, R. L. SCHLIEKELMAN, D. RENNETT, C. R. BELL, I. M. MARKWOOD, J. Am. Waterworks Assoc., 70 (1978) 31.
P. LASSOVSZKY, S. HATHAWAY, Preconference Report for National Workshop on Radioactivity in Drinking Water, Easton, MD, 24–26 May 1983. U.S.EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC.
N. A. HAHN JR., J. Research Tech., AWWA, July (1988) 71.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1977, Manual of Treatment Techniques for Meeting the Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations, U.S. EPA, 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC, EPA-600/8-77-005.
D. A. CLIFFORD, in: Radon, Radium and Uranium in Drinking Water, C. R. COTHERN and P. A. REBERS (Eds), Lewis Publishers Chelsea, Mich, JSA Chap. 16, 1990, p. 225.
A. MANSFELD, E. HANSLIK Report, Water Research Institute, Prague, 1984.
D. L. BENNETT, C. R. BELL, I. M. MARKWOOD Rept. ORP/TAD-76-2, Office of Radiation Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, 1976.
R. J. SCHLIEKELMAN, Rept. ORP/TAD-76-1, Office of Radiation Programs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington DC, 1976.
W. STUMM, J. J. MORGAN, Wiley-Interscience New York, 1970.
L. ZACEK, Technical Literature Publishing House, Prague, 1981.
J. MOLINARI, W. J. SNODGRASS, IAEA Technical Reports Series No. 310 Vol. 1 Chap 1–2, 1990, p. 11.
G. M. FAIR, J. C. GEYER, D. A. OKUM, Water and Waste Water Engineering, Vol. 2, Wiley, New York, 1968.
P. LOGANATHAN, R. G. BURAU, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37 (1978) 1277.
D. W. SHOESMITH, Rep. EACL-7818, Whiteshell Nuclear Establishment. Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, Pinawa, Manitoba, 1984.
L. G. SILLEN, A. MARTELL, Special Publication No. 17, The Chemical Society, London, 1964.
J. SEDLET, Radon and radium, Treatise on Analytical Chemistry, Part II, J. M. KOLTHOFF, P. J. ELVING (Eds), Interscience, New York, 1974.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shabana, E.I., Al-Jaseem, Q.K. Removal of radium from filter sands of a conventional ground water treatment station. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles 189, 35–43 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02040178
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02040178