Abstract
Instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) has been used for the determination of 27 elements (Ag, Au, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Ga, Hg, Hf, K, La, Mn, Na, Sb, Sc, Se Sr, Th, P, Ta, Tb, Zn and Zr) in 15 water samples collected from different sources (reservoirs, well, borewell, sewage tank, river, rain) in and around Nagpur city (central India) including doubly distilled and a sea water sample from Bombay. Sample residues after evaporation were irradiated at a thermal neutron flux of 1012–1013 n·cm−2·s−1 for 10 min, 1d and 1wk and counted using a HPGe detector and an 4k MCA at different intervals. Several environmental standards from NIST (USA), NIES (Japan) and USGS rock were also analysed for quality assurance. Wide variations in elemental concentrations have been observed in water samples from different sources. Most elemental concentrations in drinking water from various sources, are within ISI/WHO limits. Sea water showed very high concentrations of Ba, Cr, Co, Fe, Hg, Sb, Se and Zn. For doubly distilled and rain waters, however, very low elemental concentrations of Ba, Ce, Fe, Sc, Hg, Se, Sr and Th were observed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A. P. DUFOUR, J. Water Pollution Control Federation, Literature Review Issue, 54 (1982) 980.
C. K. VARSHNEY (Ed.), Water Pollution and Management Reviews, South Asian Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1981.
H. K. SHARMA, B. SINGH, V. K. MITTAL, H. S. SAHOTA, Nucl. Geophys., 3 (1989) 141.
H. K. SHARMA, B. SINGH, V. K. MITTAL, H. S. SAHOTA, Nucl. Geophys., 3 (1989) 289.
H. K. SHARMA, V. K. MITTAL, H. S. SAHOTA, Indian. J. Environ. Prot., 9 (1989) 252.
Y. TANIZAKI, Activation Analysis of Water Samples, in: Activation Analysis, Z. B. ALFASSI (Ed.), Vol. 2, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1990, p. 377.
P. MACCARTHY, R. W. KLUSMAN, S. W. COWLING, J. A. RICE, Anal. Chem., 65 (1993) 244R.
B. G. STEPHENS, H. L. FELKEL, W. M. SPINELLI, Anal. Chem., 40 (1974) 692.
M. Z. HASAN, S. P. PANDE, K. L. SAXENA, Studies of trace metals in water works at Nagpur. Proc. National Seminar on Pollution Control and Management, March 17–19, 1985, p. 103.
D. E. LEYDEN, T. A. PATTERSON, J. J. ALBERTS, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 733.
A. ZIRINO, S. H. LIEBERMAN, in: Analytical Methods in Oceanography, T. R. P. GIBBS Jr. (Ed.), Adv. Chem. Ser., 1975, p. 147.
K. M. VARIER, G. K. MEHTA, S. SEN, Physics News, 11 (1980) 1.
B. SALBU, E. STEINNES, A. C. PAPPAS, Anal. Chem., 47 (1975) 1011.
Ch. L. NDIOKWERE, V. P. GUINN, J. Radioanal. Chem., 79 (1983) 147.
N. LAVI, Z. B. ALFASSI, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 130 (1989) 71.
J. E. MILLEY, A. CHATT, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 110 (1987) 345.
C. R. LAN, Y. C. SUN, J. H. CHAO, C. CHUNG, M. H. YANG, N. LAVI, Z. B. ALFASSI, Radiochim. Acta, 50 (1990) 225.
P. RAMADEVI, G. R. K. NAIDU, Analyst, 115 (1990) 1469.
L. C. BATE, S. E. LINDBERG, A. W. ANDREN, J. Radioanal. Chem., 32 (1976) 125.
G. HACISALIHOGLU, F. ELIYAKUT, I. OLMEZ, T. I. BALKAS, G. TUNCEL, Atmos. Environ., 26A (1992) 3207.
J. B. LUTEN, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 37 (1977) 897.
H. K. SHARMA, G. S. LODHA, K. J. S. SAWAHNEY, B. S. GREWAL, V. K. MITTAL, H. S. SAHOTA, Nucl. Geophys., 2 (1988) 269.
A. NAEEM, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 108 (1987) 79.
M. B. H. AL-BEDRI, S. AL-JOBORI, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 147 (1991) 235.
M. N. AMBULKAR, M. B. PAWAR, N. L. CHUTKE, R. G. WEGINWAR, A. N. GARG, Appl. Radiat. Isot., 43 (1992) 1171.
J. TÖLGYESSY, E. H. KLEHR, Nuclear Environmental Chemical Analysis, Ellis Horwood, Chichester U.K., 1987, p. 38.
IAEA, Practical Aspects of Operating a Neutron Activation Analysis Laboratory, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna IAEA-TECDOC-564, 1990, p. 119.
A. I. VOGEL, A Textbook of Quantitative Inorganic Analysis. Longmans Green and Co. Ltd., London, 1961, p. 411.
I. M. H. PAGDEN, G. J. PEARSON, J. M. BEWERS, J. Radioanal. Chem., 8 (1971) 127.
H. K. WANKHADE, D. L. SAMUDRALWAR, A. N. GARG, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 105 (1986) 95.
R. G. WEGINWAR, D. L. SAMUDRALWAR, A. N. GARG, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 133 (1989) 317.
Certificate of Analysis, Coal SRM 1632b National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, March 1990.
M. SOMA, H. SEYAMA, K. OKAMOTO, Talanta, 32 (1985) 177.
F. J. FLANAGAN, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 37 (1973) 1189.
M. C. RAND, A. E. GREENBERG, M. J. TARAS (Eds), Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, American Public Health Association, Washington, 1989, p. 71.
ISI, Indian Standard Specifications for Drinking Water, ISI, New Delhi, 1991.
WHO, European Standards for Drinking Water, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1970.
S. P. PANDE, M. Z. HASAN, J. Institution Engineers, 63 (1987) 53.
C. R. KRISHNAMURTI, P. VISWANATHAN (Eds), Toxic Metals in the Indian Environment, Tata McGraw-Hill Publ. Co. Ltd., New Delhi, 1991, p. 238.
P. ZHANG, N. DUDLEY, A. M. URE, D. LITTLEJOHN, Anal. Chim. Acta, 258 (1992) 1.
J. I. KIM, G. BOHM, R. HENKELMANN, Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem., 327 (1987) 495.
S. K. NYARKU, A. CHATT, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 71 (1982) 129.
B. GOLCHERT, S. LANDSBERGER, P. K. HOPKE, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem., 148 (1991) 319.
B. MASON, C. B. MOORE, Principles of Geochemistry, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1982, p. 46.
N. L. CHUTKE, M. N. AMBULKAR, V. K. SINGH, A. N. GARG, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 350 (1994) 723.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ambulkar, M.M.N., Chutke, N.L. & Garg, A.N. A comparative study of trace elements in water from various sources in surrounding areas of Nagpur city (India) by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Articles 207, 3–17 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02036521
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02036521