Abstract
A two-choice feeding bioassay was used to investigate the intra-specific repellency of the larval oral exudate of eastern and western spruce budworms,Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.) andC. occidentalis Free., respectively. Results of the bioassay indicated that feeding behavior on artificial diet-drop feeding stations was modified in the presence of exudate, with feeding stations treated with conspecific exudate being avoided when an untreated station was available 3 cm away. Feeding was suppressed when a single, exudate-treated station was provided, or when the treated and untreated stations were separated by only 1 cm. The repellent effect functioned both inter- and intraspecifically. When induced to produce exudate,C. occidentalis larvae were not immediately repelled by either their own or other individuals' exudate. However, 24 hr after induction, test larvae were repelled by exudate from either source. In both species, larval oral exudate probably functions to repel conspecific competitors.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Berenbaum, M. R., Green, E. S., andZangerl, A. R. 1993. Web costs and web defense in the parsnip webworm (Lepidoptera: Oecophoridae).Environ. Entomol. 22:791–795.
Corbet, S. A. 1971. Mandibular gland secretion of larvae of the flour moth,Anagasta kuehniella, contains an epideictic pheromone and elicits oviposition movements in a hymenopteran parasite.Nature 232:481–484.
Davies, R. W., andMcCauley, V. J. 1970. The effects of preservatives on the regurgitation of gut contents by Chironomidae (Diptera) larvae.Can. J. Zool. 48:519–522.
Eisner, T., Johnessee, J. S., Carrel, J., Hendry, L. B., andMeinwald, J. 1974. Defensive use by an insect of a plant resin.Science 184:996–999.
Harvey, G. T. 1985. The taxonomy of the coniferophagousChoristoneura (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): A review, pp. 16–48,in C. J. Sanders, R. W. Stark, E. J. Mullins, and J. Murphy (eds.). Recent Advances in Spruce Budworms Research. Proceedings, CANUSA Spruce Budworms Research Symposium, Bangor, Maine, September 16–20, 1984. Canadian Forest Service, Ottawa.
Poirier, L. M., andBorden, J. H. 1995. Oral exudate as a mediator of behavior in larval eastern and western spruce budworms (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae).J. Insect Behav. 8:801–811.
Prokopy, R. J. 1981. Epideictic pheromones that influence spacing patterns of phytophagous insects, pp. 181–213,in D. A. Nordlund, R. L. Jones, and W. J. Lewis (eds.). Semiochemicals: Their role in Pest Control. Wiley, New York.
Schlotzhauer, S. D., andLittell, R. C. 1987. SAS System for Elementary Statistical Analysis. SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina.
Steel, R. G. D., andTorrie, J. H. 1980. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. McGraw-Hill, Toronto.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Poirier, L.M., Borden, J.H. Repellency of oral exudate to eastern and western spruce budworm larvae (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). J Chem Ecol 22, 907–918 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02029944
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02029944