Zusammenfassung
Das Studium der Natur, der Verteilung und des Austausches des organischen Stoffes in der Geosphere und Biosphere, und — im engeren Sinne — in Sedimenten und Fossilien, macht rasche Fortschritte. Eine Methode besteht in der chromatographischen Isolierung einzelner Komponente. Darauf folgt entweder die entscheidende Identifizierung durch direkten Vergleich mit bekannten Substanzen oder die Aufklärung der Struktur durch physikalische und chemische Verfahren.
In günstigen Fällen können einzelne Substanzen in der Größenordnung von Mikrogramm (10−6g) identifiziert werden. Komponenten klarer biologischer Abstammung finden sich oft im geologischen Ausgangsmaterial und können mit der ursprünglichen biologischen Quelle in Beziehung gebracht werden. So stammen die in 2,7.109 Jahre alten Rohölen und Sedimenten gefundenen Kohlenwasserstoffe Phytan (C20H42) und Pristan (C19H40) fast sicher aus der Phytylseitenkette (C20H39O-) des Chlorophylls.
Abstract
The study of the nature, distribution and interchange of organic matter in the geosphere and biosphere, and — in the narrower view — in sediments and fossils, is developing rapidly. One approach lies in the chromatographic isolation of individual components, followed either by their conclusive identification through direct comparison with known substances or by their structural elucidation using physical and chemical procedures.
In favourable circumstances, single substances may be identified at the microgram level (10−6gm.). Compounds of obvious biological origin are frequently present in geological materials and may be correlated with the original biological source. Thus, the hydrocarbons phytane (C20H42) and pristane (C19H40) found in crude oils and in sediments as old as 2 · 7 × 109 years almost certainely derive from the phytyl (C20H39O-) side chain of chlorophyll.
Résumé
L'étude de nature, de la distribution et de l'échange de la matière organique dans la géosphère et la biosphère et, plus précisément, dans les sédiments et les fossiles, progresse rapidement. Une méthode d'approche est la séparation chromatographique de composés, suivie ou bien par l'identification décisive par comparaison avec des substances connues ou bien par l'élucidation de leur structure à l'aide de méthodes physiques et chimiques.
Dans des circonstances favorables, des substances pures peuvent être identifiées à l'échelle du microgramme (10−6g). Des composés d'un évident origine biologique sont fréquemment présents dans les matières géologiques et peuvent être rapprochés de la source biologique. C'est ainsi que les hydrocarbures phytane (C20H42) et pristane (C19H40) trouvés dans des huiles brutes et des sédiments vieux de 2,7 · 109 ans proviennent presque certainement de la chaîne latérale (C20H35O-) de la chlorophylle.
Краткое содержание
Дискутируются успех и органической геохи мии. Автор описывает разде ген ге компонентов с п омощью хроматографи и, причем последние опреде гяю гся или непосредс твенно сравнением с и звестными веществами, или же путем применения х имических и физическ их методов исследования. Т. о. удалось найти связ ь между углеводорода ми Phytan (С20 Н42) и Pristan (С19 Н40) осадочных пород и нефтей и фитильной ц епочкой хлорофилла.
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Eglinton, G. Recent advances in organic geochemistry. Geol Rundsch 55, 551–567 (1966). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02029642
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02029642