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Übersicht: Cholesterinstoffwechsel

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Zusammenfassung

Praktisch alle Gewebe der Säugetiere sind in der Lage, Cholesterin zu synthetisieren, die größte synthetische Aktivität findet sich in der Leber und im Magen-Darm-Trakt. Die tägliche Cholesterin-Synthese liegt zwischen 400 und 1100 mg, der tägliche Umsatz wird auf 1000 bis 1500 mg geschätzt. die Ausscheidung (hauptsächlich über den Darm) liegt zwischen 500 und 1000 mg/die. Die tägliche Cholesterinzufuhr mit der Nahrung beträgt etwa 750 mg/die, das Nahrungscholesterin hat einen beschränkten Einfluß auf die Höhe des Plasmacholesterinspiegels. Cholesterin ist der obligate Vorläufer der Gallensäuren, jeder Eingriff in den enterohepatischen Gallensäurenkreislauf zieht eine Störung des Gleichgewichtes des Cholesterinstoffwechsels nach sich. Unter den Faktoren, die den Cholesterinstoffwechsel regeln und für eine relative Konstanz der Plasmaspiegel sorgen, ist die begrenzte Resorptionsfähigkeit für Cholesterin am wichtigsten.

Summary

Virtually every mammalian tissue is capable of cholesterol synthesis, the highest synthetic activity is found in such tissues as liver and intestine. The daily cholesterol synthesis amounts to about 400–1100 mg, the daily turnover is 1000–1500 mg, the daily excretion 500–1000 mg. The daily dietary cholesterol exerts a limited influence on plasma cholesterol levels. Cholesterol is the precursor of bile acids, interruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids will cause a disturbance of cholesterol metabolism. The most important of the factors regulating cholesterol metabolism so that relatively constant plasma levels are achieved is the limited absorption of cholesterol from the intestine.

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Weizel, A. Übersicht: Cholesterinstoffwechsel. Z Ernährungswiss 10, 123–136 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02021843

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