Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sulfit in Lebensmitteln — ein Gesundheitsrisiko?

  • Originalarbeiten
  • Published:
Zeitschrift für Ernährungswissenschaft Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Es wird eine kurze übersicht über Eigenschaften, Verwendung und Wirkung von Sulfit bei der Lebensmittelproduktion und der unter Beachtung der gesetzlichen Vorschriften resultierenden Restmengen von Sulfit in Lebensmitteln gegeben. Nach Gegenüberstellung von Metabolisierung und Toxikologie des Sulfits im Säugetierorganismus und dem Auftreten von Unverträglichkeitsreaktionen nach dem Verzehr sulfitierter Lebensmittel wird ein potentiell vorhandenes Gesundheitsrisiko diskutiert. Es wird auf einige Kenntnislücken hingewiesen. Trotz dieser Lücken kann die kontrollierte Verwendung von Sulfit bei der Lebensmittelproduktion weiterhin gerechtfertigt werden.

Summary

This short review summarizes properties, applications and effects of sulfite in food products, including sulfite residues in foods produced according to legal regulations. Sulfite metabolism and toxicology in the mammalian organism as well as appearance of adverse reactions following ingestion of sulfite-treated food are discussed. Although knowledge in this area is still incomplete, the continued use of sulfite in food technology can be justified.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Literatur

  1. Bigwood EJ (1968) Consommation probable de SO2 en Belgique. Arch Belges de méd sociale, hyg, méd du travail, méd légale:473–506

  2. Bigwood EJ (1973) The acceptable daily intake of food additives. CRC Crit Rev Toxiol 2:41–93

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Burroughs LF (1974) Browning control in fruit juices and wines. Chem Ind 21:718–720

    Google Scholar 

  4. Ciaccio EJ (1966) The inhibition of lactate dehydrogenase by 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide and bisulfite. J biol Chem 241:1581–1586

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Commission of the European Communities (1981) Food-science and techniques. Reports of the Scientific Committee for Food, eleventh series:47–49

  6. Cremer HD, Hötzel D (1970) Thiaminmangel und Unbedenklichkeit von Sulfit für den Menschen. 4. Mitteilung. Schlußfolgerungen und Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse eines Stoffwechselversuchs am Menschen. Int Z Vitam Forsch 40:52–57

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Delohery J, Simmul R, Castle WD, Allen DH (1984). The relationship of inhaled sulfur dioxide reactivity to ingested metabisulfite sensitivity with asthma. Am Rev Resp Dis 130:1027–1032

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung e.V. (1973) 6. Chemische Haltbarmachung. In: DGE (Hrsg) Ernährungsbericht 1972; F.J. Henrich KG, Frankfurt/Main, 110–112

  9. Diemair W, Koch J, Hess D (1960) über den Einfluß der schwefligen Säure und L-Ascorbinsäure bei der Weinbereitung. Z Lebensmittelunters u -Forsch 113:277–289

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dulak L, Chiang G, Gunnison AF (1984) A sulphite oxidase-deficient rat model: Reproductive toxicology of sulphite in the female. Fd Chem Toxic 22:599–607

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Fierhauser G, Krebs H, Marx Th (1984) Der badische Wein und seine Inhaltsstoffe. Der badische Winzer 9:431–436

    Google Scholar 

  12. Fitzhugh OG, Knudsen LF, Nelson AA (1946) The chronic toxicity of sulfites. J Pharmac exp Ther 86:37–48

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Food Chemical News (1984) FDA is investigating report of death from sulfite reaction. 3 September 1984:21–22

  14. Food Chemical News (1984) FDA says it will stick with 40 ppm sulfite level for shrimp. 19 November 1984:10

  15. Food Chemical News (1985) FDA is investigating 5 additional cases of sulfite reactions. 1 July 1985:57–58

  16. Food Chemical News (1985) 2 Sulfite deaths. 9 September 1985:2

  17. Food Chemical News (1985) IFAC cautions on “precedent≓ of sulfite ban on anecdotal basis. 7 October 1985:29

  18. Gershwin ME, Ough C, Bock A, Fletcher MP, Nagy SM, Tuft DS (1985) Grand rounds: adverse reactions to wine. J Allergy clin Immunol 75:411–420

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Gibson WB, Strong FM (1973) Metabolism and elimination of sulphite by rats, mice and monkeys. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 11:185–198

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Gibson WB, Strong FM (1976) Metabolism and elimination of hydroxyethane sulphonate by rats. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 14:41–43

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Green LF (1976) Sulphur dioxide and food preservation — a review. Fd Chem 1:103–124

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gunnison AF (1981) Sulphite toxicity: a critical review ofin vitro andin vivo data. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 19:667–682

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gunnison AF, Benton AW (1971) Sulfur dioxide: Sulfite. Interaction with mammalian serum and plasma. Archs envir Hlth 22:381–388

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Gunnison AF, Bresnahan CA, Palmes ED (1977) Comparative sulfite metabolism in the rat, rabbit and rhesus monkey. Toxicol appl Pharmacol 42:99–109

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Gunnison AF, Dulak L, Chiang G, Zaccardi J, Farruggella TJ (1981). A sulphite-oxidase-deficient rat model: subchronic toxicology. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 19:221–232.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Gunnison AF, Farruggella TJ, Chiang G, Dulak L, Zaccardi J, Birkner J (1981) A sulphite-oxidase-deficient rat model: metabolic characterization. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 19:209–220

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Gunnison AF, Palmes ED (1973) Persistence of plasma S-sulfonates following exposure of rabbits to sulfite and sulfur dioxide. Toxicol appl Pharmacol 24:266–278

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gunnison AF, Palmes ED (1978) Species variability in plasma S-sulfonate levels during and following sulfite administration. Chemico-biol Interactions 21:315–329

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Heintze K (1962) Schweflige Säure in Trockenobstprodukten. Ind Obstu Gemüseverwert 4:81–82

    Google Scholar 

  30. Heintze K (1965) Restgehalt an Schwefliger Säure in gekochten sulfitierten Trockengemüsen. Ind Obst- u Gemüseverwert 50:175–177

    Google Scholar 

  31. Heydenreich GA (1967) Die schweflige Säure und ihre Salze in der Lebensmittelverarbeitung und -lagerung. Z Ernährungswiss 8:44–65

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Hötzel D, Muskat E, Cremer HD (1966) Toxizität von schwefliger Säure in Abhängigkeit von Bindungsform und Thiaminversorgung. Z Lebensmittelunters u -Forsch 130:25–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Howland WC, Simon RA (1985) Restaurant-provoked asthma: sulfite sensitivity. J Allergy clin Immunol 68:143

    Google Scholar 

  34. Institute of Food Technologists, Expert Panel on Food Saftey & Nutrition and Committee on Public Information (1976) Sulfites as food additives. Nutr Rev 34:58–62

    Google Scholar 

  35. Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV, Cohen HJ (1974) Molecular basis of the biological function of molybdenum. J biol Chem 249:859–866

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV (1976) Purification and properties of sulfite oxidase from human liver. J clin Invest 58:543–550

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV (1976) Human sulfite oxidase deficiency. Characterization of the molecular defect in a multi-component system. J clin Invest: 58:551–556

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV (1980) The oxidation of sulphite in animal systems. In: Excerpta Medica (eds). Sulphur in Biology. Ciba Foundation Symposium No 72. Excerpta Medica, Amsterdam, p 119–133

    Google Scholar 

  39. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (1974) Seventeenth Report. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome. Toxicological Evaluation of Certain Food Additives with a Review of General Principles and of Specifications. Tech Rep Ser Wld Hlth Org No 539:35

    Google Scholar 

  40. Joslyn MA, Leichter J (1968) Thiamine instability in experimental wet diets containing commercial casein with sulfur dioxide. J Nutr 96:89–95

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Kingkate A, Jaengdawang C, Chakrangkoon P, Halilamian C, Toyoda M (1981) Residual sulfur dioxide in some Thai noodles. J Fd Protect 44:334–336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Krebs H, Staatliches Weinbauinstitut, Freiburg. Persönliche Mitteilung im Schreiben vom 23.6.1986

  43. Laskin S, Kuschner M, Sellakumar A, Katz GV (1976) Combined carcinogenirritant animal inhalation studies. In: Aharonson EF, Ben-David A, Klingberg MA (eds) Air pollution and the lung. John Wiley and Sons, New York, p 190–213

    Google Scholar 

  44. Life Sciences Research Office and Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (1985) The reexamination of the GRAS status of sulfiting agents. Prepared for Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC

  45. Lockett MF, Natoff IL (1960) A study of the toxicity of sulfite. I. J Pharm Pharmacol 12:488–496

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Lück E, Remmert KH (1976) ADI-Wert und Lebensmittelrecht. Z ges Lebensmittelrecht 3:115–143

    Google Scholar 

  47. Martin LB, Nordlee JA, Taylor ST (1986) Sulfite residues in restaurant salads. J Fd Protect 49:126–129

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Münzner R (1980) Untersuchungen zur mutagenen Wirkung von Bisulfit. Lebensm-Wiss Technol 13:219–220

    Google Scholar 

  49. Muskat E (1979) Toxizität der schwefligen Säure. Lebensm ger Chem 33:126–127

    Google Scholar 

  50. Oshino N, Chance B (1975) The properties of sulfite oxidation in perfused rat liver; interaction of sulfite oxidase with the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Archs Biochem Biophys 170:514–528

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Ough CS (1986) Determination of sulfur dioxide in graphes and wines. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 69:5–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Parker DM, Lodola A, Holbrook JJ (1978) Use of the sulphite adduct of nicotineadenine dinucleotide to study ionizations and the kinetics of lactate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase. Biochem J 173:959–967

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Pickston L, Brewerton HV, Drysdale JM, Hughes JT, Smith JM, Love JL, Sutcliffe ER, Davidson F (1985) The New Zealand diet: a survey of elements, pesticides, colours, and preservatives. New Zealand J Technol 1:81–89

    Google Scholar 

  54. Quattrucci E (1981) Dissociable products formed with sulphur dioxide in wine. J Sci Food Agric 32:1141–1142

    Google Scholar 

  55. Renner HW, Wever J (1983) Attempts to induce cytogenetic effects with sulphite oxidase-deficient Chinese hamsters and mice. Fd Chem Toxic 21:123–127

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Roberts AC, McWeeny DJ (1972) The uses of sulphur dioxide in the food industry. A review. J Fd Technol 7:221–238

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  57. Schroeter LC (ed) (1966) Sulfur dioxide. Applications in foods, beverages and Pharmaceuticals. Pergamon Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  58. Shapiro R (1977) Genetic effects of bisulfite (sulfur dioxide). Mutation Res 39:149–175

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Sulser H, Blumenthal A (1980) Zur Schwefeldioxid-Belastung der Schweizer Wohnbevölkerung durch die Nahrung. Mitt Gebiete Lebensm Hyg 71:458–467

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Tejnorová J (1978) Sulfite oxidase activity in liver and kidney tissue in five laboratory animal species. Toxicol appl Pharmacol 44:251–256

    Article  Google Scholar 

  61. Til HP, Feron VJ, de Groot AP (1972) The toxicity of sulphite. I. Long-term feeding and multigeneration studies in rats. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 10:291–310

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Til HP, Feron VJ, de Groot AP, van der Wal P (1972) The toxicity of sulphite. II. Short- and long-term feeding studies in pigs. Fd Cosmet Toxicol 10:463–473

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. van Dokkum W, De Vos RH, Choughley FA, Hulshof KFAM, Dukel F, Wijsman JA (1982) Food additives and food components in total diets in The Netherlands. Br J Nutr 48:223–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  64. Walker R (1985) Sulphiting agents in foods: some risk/benefit considerations. Food Addit Contam 2:5–24

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Wedzicha BL (Hrsg) (1984) Chemistry of sulphur dioxide in foods. Elsevier Applied Science Publishers Ltd., Barking, Essex

    Google Scholar 

  66. Wedzicha BL, McWeeny DL (1975) Concentrations of some sulphonates derived from sulphite in certain foods and preliminary studies on the nature of other sulphite derived products. J Sci Fd Agric 26:327–335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Wever J (1985) Appearance of sulphite and S-sulphonates in the plasma of rats after intraduodenal sulphite application. Fd Chem Toxic 23:895–898

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Wever J (1986) Influence of sulphite on the release of glycolytic metabolites in the perfused rat liver. Fd Chem Toxic 24:201–205

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  69. Wever J (1986) In Vorbereitung

  70. Wirths W (1976) über die Höhe der Aufnahme an Schwefeldioxid einzelner Bevölkerungsgruppen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Z Ernährungswiss 15:217–223

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Author notes

  1. J. Wever

    Present address: Bundesforschungsanstalt für Ernährung, Karlsruhe

Authors and Affiliations

    Authors
    1. J. Wever
      View author publications

      You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

    Rights and permissions

    Reprints and permissions

    About this article

    Cite this article

    Wever, J. Sulfit in Lebensmitteln — ein Gesundheitsrisiko?. Z Ernährungswiss 25, 146–164 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02021247

    Download citation

    • Received:

    • Published:

    • Issue Date:

    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02021247

    Schlüsselwörter

    Search

    Navigation