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Nephrocalcinosis in chloride depleted rats

An ultrastructural study

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Abstract

The ultrastructural features of the nephrocalcinosis associated with chloride depletion in the rat are described. The extent of calcification appeared to depend on the degree of chloride restriction. Within 3 days of chloride deprivation electron-dense granules were deposited on the brush border of proximal tubules in a concentric manner. Coalescence of satellite deposits formed large, lobulated liths with laminations, which first disrupted and then destroyed the brush border, finally eroding into the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Nuclei and cytoplasmic organelles were altered due to this encroachment. Lysosome-like bodies and mitochondria demonstrated electron-dense deposits consistent with calcification. The basement membrane and the interstitial tissue, however, were not involved. These observations suggest that the ultrastructural characteristics of the nephrocalcinosis induced by chloride depletion are distinct from those described in other forms of experimental renal calcification.

Résumé

Les caractéristiques ultrastructurales de la néphrocalcinose, associée avec une déficience en chlorure chez le rat, sont décrites. L'importance de la calcification est en rapport avec le manque de chlorure. Après 3 jours de suppression de chlorure, des granules denses aux électrons sont déposés, de façon concentrique, au niveau de la bordure en brosse des canalicules proximaux. La confluence des dépots voisins forme de larges plages lobulées avec des laminations, qui rompent puis détruisent la bordure en brosse, pour éroder finalement le cytoplasme des cellules épithéliales. Les noyaux et les organelles cytoplasmiques sont ainsi lésés. Des corps d'allure lysosomique et des mitochondries présentent des dépots opaques aux électrons, pouvant correspondre à une calcification. La membrane basale et le tissu intersticiel ne sont cependant pas atteints. Les caractéristiques ultrastructurales de la néphrocalcinose, induite par déficience en chlorure, sont différentes de celles décrites au cours d'autres formes de calcification rénale expérimentale.

Zusammenfassung

Die ultrastrukturellen Eigenschaften der Nephrocalcinosis, welche bei der Ratte mit Chloridentzug einhergehen, werden beschrieben. Das Ausmaß der Verkalkung schien vom Grad des Chloridmangels abzuhängen. Drei Tage nach dem Chloridentzug wurden elektronendichte Granula am Bürstensaum der proximalen Tubuli in konzentrischer Anordnung abgelagert. Durch Verschmelzung dieser Einzelablagerungen entstanden große gelappte Steinchen mit lamellärem Aufbau, welche zuerst zum Einreißen und dann zur Zerstörung des Bürstensaumes führten und schließlich das Cytoplasma der Epithelzellen erodierten. Die Zellkerne und die cytoplasmatischen Organellen wurden durch diese Erosion verändert. Lysosomartige Körper und Mitochondrien zeigten elektronendichte Ablagerungen, welche der Verkalkung entsprachen. Die Basalmembran und das interstitielle Gewebe waren jedoch nicht beteiligt. Diese Beobachtungen deuten darauf hin, daß die ultrastrukturellen Eigenschaften der durch Chloridentzug bedingten Nephrocalcinosis verschieden sind von denjenigen, welche für andere Formen von experimenteller Nierenverkalkung beschrieben wurden.

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Supported by MRC Grant MA 3836.

Dr. Levine is a Scholar of the Medical Research Council of Canada.

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Sarkar, K., Tolnai, G. & Levine, D.Z. Nephrocalcinosis in chloride depleted rats. Calc. Tis Res. 12, 1–7 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02013716

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