Skip to main content
Log in

A survey of orthogonal arrays of strength two

  • Published:
Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to survey the construction of orthogonal arrays of strength two by using difference sets. Some methods for constructing difference setD(2p,2p,p,2), wherep is a prime or a prime power, are given. It is shown that the Kronecker sum of a difference setD1 p,k 1,p,2) and an orthogonal array (λ2 p 2,k 2,p,2) leads to another orthogonal array (λ1λ2 p 3,k 1 k 2+1,p,2). This enables us to construct orthogonal arrays [2p n+1, 1+2(p+p 2+...+p n,p),2], [4p n+2, 1+2p+4(p 2+p 3+...+p n+1),p,2], and [8p n+3, 1+2p+4p 2+8(p 3+p 4+...+p n+2),p,2] wherep is a prime or a prime power.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Addelman, S. and O. Kempthorne. Some Main-effect Plans and Orthogonal Arrays of Strength Two.Ann. Math. Statist., 1961, 32: 1167–1176.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Bose, R.C. A Note on the Resolvability of Balanced Incomplete Block Designs.Sankhyā, 1942, 6: 105–110.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Bose, R.C. and K.A. Bush. Orthogonal Arrays of Strength Two and Three.Ann. Math. Statist., 1952, 23: 508–524.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Fujii, Y., Nonexistence of a Two Symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strength 8, 11 Constraints and Index 6.TRU Math., 1988, 24(2): 153–165.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fujii, Y., T. Namikawa and S. Yamamoto. On Three-symbol Orthogonal Arrays.ISI, 1987, 46: 131–132.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Fujii, Y., T. Namikawa and S. Yamamoto. Two-symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strengtht andt+3 Constraints.TRU Math., 1988, 24(1): 55–63.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Fujii, Y., T. Namikawa and S. Yamamoto. Classification of Two-symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strengtht, t+3 Constraints and Index 4, II.SUT J. Math., 1989, 25(2): 161–177.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Jiang, S. A Simple Construction of 2p×2p Difference Scheme with Modulep wherep is an Arbitrary Odd Prime.Acta Math. Appl. Sinica, 1979, 2: 75–80 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Liu, Z.W. Construction of Difference Sets Which Generate Orthogonal Arrays (2p 2,2p+1,p,2) wherep is an Odd Prime.Acta Math. Appl. Sinica, 1977, 3: 35–45 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Masuyama, M. On Difference Sets for Constructing Orthogonal Arrays of Index Two and of Strength Two.Rep. Stat. Appl. Res., JUSE, 1957, 5: 27–34.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Masuyama, M. Construction of Difference Sets for OA(2p 2,2p+1,p,2),p Being an Odd Prime.ibid., 1969, 16: 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Namikawa, T., Y. Fujii and S. Yamamoto. Computational Study on the Classification of Two-symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strengtht andm=t+e Constraints fore ≤ 3.SUT J. Math., 1989, 25(2): 179–195.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Plackett, R.L. and J.P. Burman. The Design of Optimum Multifactorial Experiments.Biometrika, 1946, 33: 305–325.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Rao, C.R. Factorial Experiments Derivable from Combinatorial Arrangements of Arrays.J. Roy. Stat. Soc. Suppl., 1947, 9: 128–139.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Seiden, E. On the Problems of Construction of Orthogonal Arrays.Ann. Math. Statist., 1954, 25: 151–156.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Shrikhande, S.S. The Non-existence of Certain Affine Resolvable Balanced Incomplete Block Designs.Canad. J. Math., 1953, 5: 413–420.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Shrikhande, S.S. Generalized Hadamard Matrices and Orthogonal Arrays of Strength Two. ibid., 1964, 16: 736–740.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Xiang, K.F. The Difference Set Table for λ=2.Acta. Math. Appl. Sinica, 1983, 6(2): 160–166 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Xu, C.X. Construction of Orthogonal Arrays\(L_{2p^u } (p^{1 + \sum\nolimits_{i = 1}^{u - 1} {2p^i } } )\) with Odd Primep. ibid., 1979, 2: 92–97 (in Chinese).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Yamamoto, S., T. Namikawa and Y. Fujii. Classification of Two-symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strengtht,t+3 Constraints and Index 4.TRU Math., 1988, 24(2): 167–184.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Yamamoto, S., Y. Fujii and M. Mitsuoka. Three-symbol Orthogonal Arrays of Strength 2 and Index 2 Having Maximal Constraints-computational Study. IINS Technical Report, No.6, International Institute for Natural Sciences, Kurashiki, Japan, 1991.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This work was carried out while the author was a visiting professor at the International Institute for Natural Sciences, Kurashiki 710 Japan, during Oct. 1990-July 1991.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Liu, Z., Yoshio, F. A survey of orthogonal arrays of strength two. Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica 11, 308–317 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02011197

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02011197

Key words

Navigation