Abstract
Calcifications of the pineal gland in the form of calcospherulites have been studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy, electron probe analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry, and infra-red and chemical analysis. Complex calcospherulite textures have been observed which have a granular substructure made up of apatite crystals averaging 218 Å in length and 38 Å in width. These apatite crystals appear to be a carbonate-containing hydroxyapatite, mineralogically similar to enamel.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution.
References
Angervall, L., Berger, S., Rockert, H.: A micrographic and X-ray crystallographic study of calcium in the pineal body and intercranial tumours. Acta path. microbiol. scand.44, 113–119 (1958)
Earle, K. M.: X-ray diffraction and other studies of the calcareous deposits in human pineal glands. J. Neuropath. exp. Neurol.24, 108–117 (1965)
Elliot, J. C.: Tooth enamel. Contributions to international symposium on tooth enamel, p. 20–58. Bristol: John Wright and Sons 1965
Emerson, W. H., Fischer, E. E.: Infra-red absorption spectra of carbonate in calcified tissues. Arch. oral Biol.7, 671 (1962)
Fowler, B. O., Moreno, E. C., Brown, W. E.: Infrared spectra of hydroxylapatite, octacalcium phosphate and pyrolysed octacalcium phosphate. Arch. oral Biol.11, 477–492 (1966)
Gardner, Murray B., Blankenhorn, David H.: Aortic medial calcification—an ultrastructure study. Arch. Path.85, 403 (1968)
Gee, A., Dietz, V. R.: Pyrophosphate formation upon ignition of precipitated basic calcium phosphates. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.77, 2961–2965 (1955)
Glas, J. E., Omnell, K. A.: Studies on the ultrastructure of dental enamel—1. Size and shape of the apatite crystallites as deduced from X-ray diffraction data. J. Ultrastruct. Res.3, 334–344 (1960)
Klug, Harold P., Alexander, LeRoy E.: X-ray diffraction procedures for polycrystalline and amorphous materials, p. 491–511. New York: John Wiley and Sons 1954
Palache, C., Berman, H., Frondel, C.: The system of mineralogy of James D. Dana and Edward S. Dana, vol. 2, 7th ed., p. 877–889, and 902–4. New York: John Wiley and Sons 1951
Peckham, S. C., et al.: Ethylenediamine vs. KOH-glycol in the removal of the organic matter of dentin. J. dent. Res.35, 947–949 (1956)
Swanson, Howard: Standard X-ray diffraction patterns, U. S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards, Monograph 25, Section 4, p. 344, June 28, 1966
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mabie, C.P., Wallace, B.M. Optical, physical and chemical properties of pineal gland calcifications. Calc. Tis Res. 16, 59–71 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02008213
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02008213