Skip to main content
Log in

The autumn leafroller: Phenology, damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard

  • Published:
Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.

Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.

Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.

Samenvatting

De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.

De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.

Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.

Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alford, D.V., 1984. A colour atlas of fruit pests. Wolfe, London, 320 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alkema, P. & Vaal, F.W.N.M., 1980. De herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hb). Een nieuwe schadelijke bladrollersoort op appel. Fruitteelt 70: 1136.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ankersmit, G.W., Rabbinge, R. & Dijkman, H., 1977. Studies on the sterile-male technique as a means of control ofAdoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). 4. Technical and economical aspects of mass-rearing. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 83: 27–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blommers, L., Vaal, F., Freriks, J. & Helsen H., 1987. Three years of specific control of summer fruit tortrix and codling moth on apple in the Netherlands. Journal of Applied Entomology, 104: 353–371.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evenhuis, H.H., 1974.Colpoclypeus florus (Hymenoptera, Eulophidae), an important potential parasite ofAdoxophyes orana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in apple orchards. Mededelingen van de Fakulteit voor Landbouwwetenschappen te Gent. 39: 769–775.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evenhuis, H.H. & Vlug, H.J., 1983. The hymenopterous parasites of leaf-feeding apple tortricids (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Netherlands. Tijdschrift voor Entomologie 126: 109–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Glen, D.M., 1982.Syndemis musculana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), a new leafroller attacking apples in the United Kingdom. Plant Pathology 31: 269–271.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graaf Bentinck, G.A. & Diakonoff, A., 1968. De Nederlandse bladrollers. Monografie Nederlandse Entomologische Vereniging 3, 200 pp.

  • Gruys, P., 1982. Hits and misses. The ecological approach to pest control in orchards. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 31: 70–87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gruys, P. & Vaal, F., 1984.Colpoclypeus florus, an eulophid parasite of tortricids in orchards: Rearing, biology and use in biological control. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 36: 31–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Persoons, C.J., Voerman, S., Kraan, C. van der & Booij, C.J.H., 1984. Sex pheromone ofSyndemis musculana (Tortricidae: identification) and field evolution. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 35: 101–103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rabbinge, R., 1976. Biological control of fruit-tree red spider mite. Pudoc, Wageningen, 228 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reede, R.H. de, Gruys, P. & Vaal, F., 1985. Leafrollers in apple IPM under regimes based onBacillus thuringiensis, on diflubenzuron or on epofenonane. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 37: 263–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Blommers, L., Helsen, H. & Vaal, F. The autumn leafroller: Phenology, damage and parasitoids in a Dutch apple orchard. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 94, 95–103 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01998399

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01998399

Additional keywords

Navigation