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Dépistage humoral du cancer

Humorale Krebsdiagnose

Humoral diagnosis of cancer

  • Monovalentes Screening
  • Published:
Sozial- und Präventivmedizin

Résumé

Bien que plusieurs dosages sanguins ou urinaires permettent d'aider au diagnostic du cancer, il n'existe pas de tests humoraux utilisables actuellement pour le dépistage systématique des affections malignes. L'auteur décrit tout d'abord les dosages hormonaux dont l'intérêt diagnostique est limité aux cancers dérivés de tissus endocriniens et à certaines tumeurs présentant une sécrétion «ectopique» d'hormones. Il insiste ensuite sur l'utilité et les limites du dosage des antigènes tumoraux tels que l'alpha-fœtoprotéine (AFP) et l'antigène carcinoembryonnaire (CEA). Parmi les tests humoraux décrits jusqu'ici, aucun n'est absolument spécifique du cancer; ils doivent donc toujours être interprétés dans le contexte des informations cliniques et paracliniques. Lorsque ces tests sont effectués de manière répétée chez le même patient au cours de l'évolution de la maladie, ils peuvent être utiles pour déterminer l'efficacité d'une thérapeutique et faciliter la détection de récidives tumorales.

Zusammenfassung

Obwohl verschiedene Blut- und Harnuntersuchungen zur Diagnostik des Krebses beitragen, kann keiner der gegenwärtig bekannten Humoraltests seiner systematischen Aufspürung dienen. Der Autor berichtet zunächst über die Hormonaldosierungen, deren diagnostisches Interesse sich auf Krebserkrankungen der endokrinen Gewebe und auf bestimmte Tumoren mit «ectopischer» Hormonsekretion beschränkt. Er beschreibt sodann die Bedeutung und Grenzen der Messung von Tumorantigenen wie Alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP) und Karzinoembryonalantigen (CEA). Keiner der bisher beschriebenen Humoraltests ist jedoch rein krebsspezifisch; sie müssen daher stets unter Einbeziehung der klinischen und paraklinischen Beobachtungen ausgewertet werden. Bei wiederholter Durchführung dieser Tests während des Krankheitsverlaufs eines Patienten können sie helfen, die Wirksamkeit der Behandlungsmethoden zu prüfen und Tumorrezidiven festzustellen.

Summary

Although several tests performed on the blood or urine of patients can help in the diagnosis of cancer, none of the humoral tests presently available can be recommended for routine screening. The author first describes hormone assays, where diagnostic interest is limited to cancers of endocrine origin and to certain tumours presenting an ectopic hormone secretion. He then discusses in detail the use and limitation of assays of tumour associated antigens such as alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Among the humoral test so far described, none is completely specific for cancer; the results therefore should be always interpreted in the context of clinical and paraclinical observations. When these tests are carried out repeatedly on the same patient during the course of the disease, they can be used to assess the efficiency of therapy and aid in the detection of tumour recurrence.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Biochimie, Université de Lausanne, Switzerland

    J. -P. Mach

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Basé sur une présentation lors des Journées d'exposés scientifiques de la Société suisse de médecine sociale et préventive, Lausanne, 4/5 octobre 1974.

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Mach, J.P. Dépistage humoral du cancer. Soz Präventivmed 20, 135–141 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01993501

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