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Hydrodynamical red-shift phenomena in geophysics

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Summary

By the term red-shift is here meant a transfer of spectral energy from smaller disturbances to larger ones in particular regions of the spectrum. An instance of such action is cited in the behavior of certain wind systems of the atmosphere. It is suggested that this process is given a unique average direction through the agency of friction which prevents too large an accumulation of energy in the graver modes of motion. A second probable similar circumstance is cited in the case of the Gulf Stream, for which proper, data have recently been obtained for the first time.

The possibility of the existence of a third instance of this type of red-shift is considered for the propagation of surface waves for long distances over deep water. The subject is treated from the standpoint of a nonlinear theory for wave propagation, investigated previously by the writer. An indication is obtained that a red-shift effect should be observed especially in the forward portion of a wave group which has travelled a large distance into new water.

Résumé

Par le terme «red-shift» on veut ici signifier un transfert d'énergie spectrale des plus petites perturbations aux plus grandes dans des régions particulières du spectre. Un exemple de telle action est cité dans le comportement de certains systèmes des vents dans l'atmosphère. On suggère qu'une direction unique soit donnée à ce procès par voie du frottement qui empêche une trop grande accumulation d'énergie dans les modes plus graves du mouvement. Une deuxième probable circonstance similaire est citée dans le cas du Courant du Golfe pour lequel les données convenables ont été récemment obtenues pour la première fois.

La possiblité de l'existence d'un troisième exemple de ce genre de «red-shift» est considérée pour la propagation des ondes de surface pour les grandes distances dans les eaux profondes. Le sujet est traité du point de vue d'une théorie nonlinéaire pour la propagation des ondes qui a été développée précédemment par l'auteur. Une indication est obtenue que l'effet d'un «red-shift» devrait être observé specialement dans la region frontale du groupe d'ondes qui a parcouru une grande distance dans des eaux nouvelles.

Zusammenfassung

Unter dem Ausdruck «Rot-Verschiebung» wird hier die Verschiebung der Spektral-Energie von kleineren zu grösseren Störungen in, ausgesuchten Zonen des Spektrums verstanden. Ein Beispiel eines solchen Vorfalles ist hier besprochen in dem Verhalten, von gewissen Wind-Systemen der Atmosphäre. Es wird angeraten, dass diesem Prozess eine einzige Durchschnittsrichtung durch Reibung gegeben wird, die eine zu grosse Anhäufung von Energie in den ernsteren Bewegungsarten verhindert. Ein zweiter, ziemlich gleicher Umstand wird im Falle des Golfstromes besprochen, für den zum ersten Mal ausführliche Daten vorhanden sind.

Die Möglichkeit des Vorhandenseins eines dritten Vorfalles von dieser Art der «Rot-Verschiebung» wird in der Fortpflanzung von Oberflächen-Wellen über längere Entfernungen an tiefem Wasser in Erwägung gezogen. Dieser Fall wird vom Gesichtspunkt einer nichtlinearen Theorie für Wellen-Fortpflanzung betrachtet, die früher vom Autor untersucht wurde. Man gewinnt den Eindruck, dass ein «Rot-Verschiebungs-Effekt» besonders in dem vorderen Teil einer Wellen-Gruppe beobachtet werden kann, besonders dann, wenn die Welle sich eine längere Strecke über frisches Wasser bewegt hat.

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Starr, V.P. Hydrodynamical red-shift phenomena in geophysics. Geofisica Pura e Applicata 48, 109–123 (1961). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01992374

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