Abstract
Exposure of free-acid and K+ salts of herbicides picloram, 2, 4, 5-T, and dicamba to 30° C resulted in significant losses of dicamba free-acid and K+ salt and 2, 4, 5-T K+ salt. Exposure to 60° C resulted in significant losses of free-acid and salt 2, 4, 5-T; free-acid and salt dicamba; and free-acid picloram. Long-wave ultraviolet light (356 nm) caused the degradation of free-acid and K+-salt picloram and the K+ salt of 2, 4, 5-T. Ultraviolet degradation of free-acid picloram molecules apparently occurs by a direct interaction of one photon of uv light with each molecule.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aly, O. M., and S. D. Faust: Studies on the fate of 2, 4-D and ester derivatives in natural and surface waters. J. Agr. Food Chem.12, 541 (1964).
Ashton, F. M., and A. S. Crafts: Mode of action of herbicides. New York: John Wiley & Sons (1973).
Baur, J. R., R. D. Baker, R. W. Bovey, and J. D. Smith: Concentration of picloram in the soil profile. Weed Sci.20, 305 (1972a).
Baur, J. R., R. D. Baker, and F. S. Davis: Reaction conditions necessary for silylation of herbicides. JAOAC54, 713 (1971).
Baur, J. R., R. W. Bovey, and M. G. Merkle: Concentration of picloram in runoff water. Weed Sci.20, 309 (1972b).
Baur, J. R., R. W. Bovey, and J. D. Smith: Herbicide concentrations in live oak treated with mixtures of picloram and 2, 4, 5-T. Weed Sci.17, 567 (1969).
Baur, J. R., R. W. Bovey and J. D. Smith: Effect of DMSO and surfactant concentrations on tissue concentrations of picloram. Weed Sci.20, 298 (1972c).
Bovey, R, W., M. L. Ketchersid, and M. G. Merkle: Comparison of salt and ester formulations of picloram. Weed Sci.18, 447 (1970).
Comes, R. D., and F. L. Timmons: Effect of sunlight on the phytotoxicity of some phenylurea and triazine herbicides on a soil surface. Weeds13, 81 (1965).
Crosby, D. G., and E. Leitis: Photolysis of chlorophenylacetic acids. J. Agr. Food Chem.17, 1036 (1969).
Crosby, D. G., and M. Li: Degradation of herbicides. P. C. Kearney and D. D. Kaufman, eds., p. 324. New York: Dekker (1969).
Crosby, D. G., and C. Tang: Photodecomposition of 3-(ρ-chlorophenyl)-1, 1-dimethylurea (monuron). J. Agr. Food Chem.17, 1041 (1969a).
Crosby, D. G., and C. Tang: Photodecomposition of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid. J. Agr. Food Chem.17, 1291 (1969b).
Crosby, D. G., and H. O. Tutass: Photodecomposition of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. J. Agr. Food Chem.14, 595 (1966).
Funderburk, H. H., Jr., N. S. Negi, and J. M. Lawrence: Photochemical decomposition of diquat and paraquat. Weeds14, 240 (1966).
Geissbuhler, H., C. Haselbach, H. Aebi, and L. Ebner: The fate of N′-(4-chlorophenoxy)-phenyl-N,N-dimethylurea (C-1983) in soils and plants. Weed Res.3, 277 (1963).
Hall, R. C., C. S. Giam, and M. G. Merkle: The photolytic degradation of picloram. Weed Res.8, 292 (1968).
Johnson, T. N., Jr.: One-seed juniper invasion of northern Arizona grasslands. Ecol. Mono.32, 187 (1962).
Jordan, L. S., C. W. Coggins, Jr., B. E. Day, and W. A. Clerx: Photodecomposition of substituted phenylureas. Weeds12, 1 (1964).
Jordan, L. S., J. D. Mann, and B. E. Day: Effects of ultraviolet light on herbicides. Weeds13, 43 (1965).
Luckwill, L. C., and L. P. Lloyd-Jones: The absorption, translocation, and metabolism of 1-napththaleneacetic acid applied to apple leaves. J. Hort. Sci.37, 190 (1962).
Merkle, M. G., R. W. Bovey, and R. C. Hall: The determination of picloram residues in soil using gas chromatography. Weeds14, 161 (1966).
Payne, M. G., and J. L. Fults: Some effects of ultraviolet light on 2, 4-D and related compounds. Science106, 37 (1947).
Penfound, W. T., and V. Minyard: Relation of light intensity to effect of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on water hyacinth and kidney bean plants. Bot. Gaz.109, 231 (1947).
Rosen, J. D., and R. F. Strusz: Photolysis of 3-(ρ-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea. J. Agr. Food Chem.16, 568 (1968).
Rosen, J. D., R. F. Strusz, and C. C. Still: Photolysis of phenylurea herbicides. J. Agr. Food Chem.17, 206 (1969).
Sheets, T. J.: Photochemical alteration and inactivation of amiben. Weeds11, 186 (1963).
Steel, R. G. D., and J. H. Torrie: Principles and procedures of statistics. New York: McGraw-Hill (1960).
Weldon, L. W., and F. L. Timmons: Photochemical degradation of diruon and monuron. Weeds9, 111 (1961).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
COMMUNICATED BY LOUIS LYKKEN
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Baur, J.R., Bovey, R.W. & McCall, H.G. Thermal and ultraviolet loss of herbicides. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1, 289–302 (1973). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01985431
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01985431