Samenvatting
Op grond van een onderzoek van een tiental door ons geïsoleerde bacteriestamment uit door bacteriekanker aangetaste kerse-, perzik- en pruimebomen kon worden vastgesteld, dat de in Tabel II samengevatte kenmerken, waarinPseudomonas mors-prunorum Wormald enPseudomonas syringae van Hall geacht worden te verschillen, bij aanhouden op peptonagar-2% glycerine of peptonagar allerminst constant zijn. Bij inoculatie in kerse-, perzik- en pruimebladeren toonden de stammen geen enkel verschil. Aan het soortsonderscheid kan dan ook geen betekenis worden gehecht.
Bij inoculatieproeven bleken de bacteriekanker veroorzakende organismen naastPrunus-soorten talrijke andere planten te kunnen infecteren. EvenalsPseudomonas mors-prunorum kan een groot aantal andere, evenzo weinig specifieke, phytopathogene bacteriën identiek geacht worden metPseudomonas syringae.
Naast deze pathogene bacterie werd in het bijzonder uit gommende kankers een niet-pathogene bacterie geïsoleerd, die identiek is gebleken metAerobacter levancium Hestrin et al. De kolonies van deze bacterie blijken op saccharose bevattende agarmedia in morphologish opzicht zeer sterk met de bacteriekanker veroorzakende organismen overreen te stemmen.
Het is, vooral ook bij herisolaties, niet voldoende gebleken de bacteriën naar het uiterlijk der kolonies te determineren.
Summary
A number of bacterial strains were isolated from cherry, peach and plum trees attacked by bacterial canker. The two species,Pseudomonas mors-prunorum Wormald andPseudomonas syringae van Hall, could not consistently be distinguished by cultural characteristics. All but one of these strains at first might have been identified asPseudomonas mors-prunorum. However, after a number of serial transfers on peptone agar or peptone agar plus 2% glycerine it was impossible to separate them fromPseudomonas syringae by some differentiating characters presented byWormald (1932) andCrosse (1953). Thus, these characters such as longevity on sucrose-containing agar media, colour change on Difco nutrient agar plus 2% lactose and bromcresol purple (see Table III), fluorescent green pigment production, and pH change in a basic mineral medium plus lactose and the same basic medium plus maltose varied in a completely inconstant manner.
Not only in these differentiating characteristics but also in others the isolated strains showed a great diversity.
Thus, no great reliability may be placed on such inconstant characters, in which according toWormald, the two species differ.
After being inoculated into the leaves of cherry, peach and plum trees all strains caused identical symptoms.
Therefore, it is impossible to separate the two species after prolonged cultivation on peptone agar media either by biochemical or by pathogenic characteristics.
The bacterial canker organism could be inoculated successfully in many plants unrelated toPrunus spp.; e. g. balsamine, bean, lemon, lilac, lupine, pear and red clover. Thus, the bacterial canker organism proved to be rather unspecific in its ability to infect higher plants. In these respects too it shows a certain relationship with many other bacteria, now generally included in the speciesPseudomonas syringae (Bergey, 6th ed., 1948). From data in the literature it can be concluded, that the speciesPseudomonas matthiolae, Pseudomonas nectarophila, Pseudomonas barkeri andPseudomonas rimaefaciens can also be grouped in this spcies. Therefore, it seems warranted to apply the name ofPseudomonas syringae to all these bacteria, includingPseudomonas morsprunorum.
In addition to this pathogenic bacterium another one has been isolated which could be identified asAerobacter levanicum Hestrin et al.; this bacterium which is a common saprophyte, found on cherry and plum gum, has some morphological characteristics very similar to those shown by the bacterial canker organism: both organisms, if grown on sucrose-containing agar media, are characterized by slimy, hemispherical colonies with a distinct radial structure. It was possible to enrich forAerobacter levanicum in a medium containing 1% cherry gum and small amounts of inorganic salts from soil, ditch water, etc. After enrichment on the cherry gum medium, the organisms were isolated on peptone agar+5% sucrose. It is noteworthy that although the cherry gum medium was good for enrichment, it did not support the growth of any of the strains thus isolated in pure culture.
Morphological characters of the colonies such as radial structure and slime production proved to be insufficient for determination of the isolated bacterial strains.
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Fuchs, A. Bacteriekanker bij Steenvruchten. Tijdschrift Over Plantenziekten 63, 45–57 (1957). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01980624
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01980624