Abstract
Fusarium wilt-resistant ‘Novada’ carnations responded both to stem inoculation with a conidial suspension ofFusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi orF. oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici and to root inoculation by planting in soil infected withF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi by means of a localization mechanism comprising gel formation in the xylem vessels and hyperplasia of adjacent parenchyma cells. Dye translocation experiments showed that xylem transport was limited by the presence of vascular gels, although wilting did not occur. Overcapacity of the vascular system apparently allowed for sufficient water transport to compensate for local vascular dysfunction. Also, vascular regeneration in the hyperplastic tissue next to occluded xylem vessels created new pathways for water transport to compensate for those lost by occlusion. Regeneration of xylem vessels was eventually followed by regeneration of xylem fibers, xylem parenchyma, cambium, and phloem cells.
‘Early Sam’ carnations, susceptible to Fusarium wilt, responded to stem inoculation withF. oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici by similar localization of infection and vascular regeneration. Stem inoculation withF. oxysporum f. sp.dianthi, however, resulted in colonization of the xylem vessels followed by lysis of the vascular tissues. Vascular gelation, hyperplasia of parenchyma cells, and vascular regeneration did generally not occur. However, if some hyperplasia occurred in attempted defence, some differentiation of hyperplastic cells into single xylem vessel elements was observed which only rarely resulted in complete vascular regeneration next to colonized xylem. In the absence of hyperplasia, differentiation of medulla parenchyma cells bordering destroyed vascular tissue into xylem vessel elements was even more exceptional. Apparently, vascular regeneration in carnation is a normal defence reaction to fungal invasion.
Samenvatting
‘Novada’ anjers, resistent tegen Fusarium-verwelkingsziekte, reageerden op stengelinoculatie met een conidiënsuspensie vanFusarium oxysporum f.sp.dianthi of vanF. oxysporum f.sp.lycopersici en op wortelinoculatie door te planten in metF. oxysporumf.sp.dianthi besmette grond met een lokalisatiemechanisme dat onder meer bestond uit vorming van gommen in de houtvaten en hyperplasie van naburige parenchymcellen. Uit proeven over kleurstoftransport bleek dat de sapstroom door de gomvorming beperkt werd, hoewel dit geen verwelkingssymptomen veroorzaakte. Overcapaciteit van het vaatstelsel zorgde kennelijk voor voldoende compensatie aan watertransport om plaatselijke verstoring van de sapstroom op te vangen. Daarnaast werd het verlies aan functionele houtvaten ook opgevangen door vaatweefselregeneratie in het hyperplastische weefsel grenzend aan door gommen verstopte houtvaten. Na verloop van tijd werden behalve houtvaten ook houtvezels, houtparenchymcellen, cambium- en floeemcellen geregenereerd.
‘Early Sam’ anjers, vatbaar voor Fusarium-verwelkingsziekte, reageerden op stengelinoculatie metF. oxysporum f. sp.lycopersici met eenzelfde lokalisatiemechanisme en ook met vaatweefselregeneratie. Stengelinoculatie metF. oxysporum f.sp.dianthi echter had kolonisatie en vervolgens lysis van het vaatweefsel tot gevolg. Meestal trad er geen gomvorming, hyperplasie van parenchymcellen of vaatweefselregeneratie op. Als echter bij pogingen tot afweer toch enige hyperplasie optrad, bleken sommige hyperplastische cellen wel tot houtvatelementen te differentieren. Dit leidde echter maar zelden tot totale vaatweefselregeneratie parallel aan het gekoloniseerde vaatweefsel. In afwezigheid van hyperplasie differentieerden mergparenchymcellen vlak naast lyserend vaatweefsel slechts bij hoge uitzondering tot houtvatelementen. Vaatweefselregeneratie bij anjer is kennelijk een gewone afweerreactie op besmetting met pathogene schimmels.
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Baayen, R.P. Regeneration of vascular tissues in relation to Fusarium wilt resistance of carnation. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 92, 273–285 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01977590
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01977590