Abstract
A comparative study has been made on the effects of short-term treatment versus long-term treatment with benomyl and three thiophanates with regard to distribution of fungitoxicant (MBC, or EBC) within plants and their protection against fungal diseases. In both treatments, plants were exposed to the fungicides for two days and then transplanted to garden soil; long-term treated plants received an additional supply of fungicide as a daily drench for one week.
Results of short-term treatment of cucumber seedlings and tomato plants provided additional proof for the hypothesis, that MBC derivatives, substituted at N-1 in the benzimidazole nucleus, are retained to some extent on or in the roots, and gradually converted to MBC which then moves into the aerial parts of the plant. Correlation of infection with concentration of fungitoxicant within leaves showed 0.35 μg/g fresh weight to be the limiting concentration for symptom expression of cucumber powdery mildew. Only with benomyl was MBC to be released long enough into the aerial parts of the plant to protect leaves, unfolding after termination of the treatment, for some weeks.
With long-term treatment, a concentration of MBC (or EBC) sufficient for protection was found with all fungicides in all above-ground parts of the plant until the end of the experiment. Thus, a reservoir of fungicide in the planting medium guarantees a continuous supply of fungicide only then may new growth be efficaciously protected.
Samenvatting
Een vergelijkend onderzoek werd ingesteld naar de effecten van kortdurende behandedeling tegenover voortgezette behandeling met benomyl en drie thiophanaten wat betreft de verdeling van de eigenlijke fungitoxische verbinding (MBC, respectievelijk EBC) in planten en hun bescherming tegen schimmelziekten. Bij beide behandelingen werden de planten gedurende twee dagen aan de fungiciden blootgesteld en daarna in tuingrond geplant; in het geval van de voortgezette behandeling werd dagelijks gedurende één week een hoeveelheid fungicide in het gietwater toegevoegd.
De resultaten van de kortdurende behandeling van komkommerzaailingen en tomateplanten ondersteunden de hypothese, dat MBC-derivaten, die op de N-1 plaats in de benzimidazoolring gesubstitueerd zijn, tot op zekere hoogte in de wortels worden ‘vastgelegd’, waar ze geleidelijk in MBC worden omgezet en vandaar als zodanig naar de bovengrondse delen worden getransporteerd. Correlering van infectie met concentratie van het MBC in de bladeren liet zien, dat 0,35 μg/g vers gewicht de grensconcentratie is, waarboven geen symptomen van komkommermeeldauw meer optreden. Alleen in het geval van benomylbehandeling werd MBC voldoende lang naar de bovengrondse delen vervoerd om ook die bladeren die zich na beëindiging der behandeling ontplooiden, gedurende enkele weken te beschermen tegen meeldauw.
Bij voortgezette behandeling werd de genoemde concentratie met alle fungiciden in alle bovengrondse plantedelen tot het einde van de onderzoeksperiode gehandhaafd. Klaarblijkelijk garandeert een zekere voorraad van het fungicide in de grond een continue toevoer van het fungicide aan de plant; alleen onder die omstandigheden kunnen nieuwgevormde plantedelen doeltreffend worden beschermd.
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Fuchs, A., Fernandes, D.L. & De Vries, F.W. The function of an MBC-releasing deposit of benomyl and thiophanates in plant roots and soil. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 80, 7–18 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01976426
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01976426