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The buffering capacity of the natural mycoflora of rye leaves to infection by Cochliobolus sativus, and its susceptibility to benomyl

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Abstract

Different densities of saprophytic colonization of rye leaves were obtained in field experiments by spraying with benomyl or water. In 1972 and in 1973, inoculation withCochliobolus sativus, just after flowering, resulted in 60% less necrosis on water-sprayed leaves than on benomyl-sprayed leaves. At that time, the natural mycoflora of the water-sprayed leaves amounted to 10 000 and 3000 propagules per cm2 leaf surface in 1972 and 1973, respectively. The benomyl treatment reduced the colonization to 1200 and to 400 propagules per cm2 in 1972 and 1973, respectively, which implied an apparent reduction of the antagonistic capacity of the mycoflora. In 1974, the saprophytic colonization of the water-sprayed leaves reached only 500 propagules per cm2 just after flowering, a population density not high enough to be antagonistic. Benomyl had a differential effect on the phyllosphere fungi:Cryptococcus spp. were not affected,Sporobolomyces roseus andCladosporium spp. were reduced to less than 6% of the control populations, andAureobasidium pullulans was eliminated. When later in the seasons of 1972 and 1974 the ‘white yeasts’ on the benomyl-sprayed leaves reached population densities of 6500 propagules per cm2 and more, inoculation of these leaves resulted in a necrosis similar to that of the water-sprayed leaves with higher population densities. Above a population density of 6500 propagules per cm2 no correlation existed between the density of the antagonists and their action onC. sativus.

Samenvatting

In veldproeven werden roggebladeren, voor de bloei en op verschillende tijdstippen na de bloei, geïnoculeerd metCochliobolus sativus (Helminthosporium sativum) teneinde het antagonisme tegen dit pathogeen door de van nature voorkomende schimmelflora —inclusief gisten—te bestuderen. Eerder uitgevoerde kasproeven hebben aangetoond dat saprofytische fyllosfeerschimmels met succes met perthotrofe pathogene schimmels wedijveren om de voedingsstoffen die vrijkomen uit het stuifmeel (Warren, 1972b; Fokkema, 1973).

Verschillende niveaus van saprofytische bladkolonisatie werden verkregen door de proefveldjes met benomyl of met water te behandelen (Fig. 1).C. sativus is relatief weinig gevoelig voor benomyl. Het gemiddeld percentage necrotisch bladoppervlak ten gevolge van inoculatie metC. sativus vlak na de bloei was in 1972 en in 1973 ruim 60% lager op met water behandelde bladeren dan op met benomyl behandelde bladeren (Fig. 2). Op dit moment heeft de natuurlijke schimmelflora op de met water bespoten bladeren een populatiedichtheid bereikt van 10000 propagula per cm2 bladoppervlak in 1972 en van 3000 propagula per cm2 in 1973. Benomylbespuiting beperkte de kolonisatie tot 1200 en 400 propagula per cm2 in respectievelijk 1972 en 1973, hetgeen blijkbaar een reductie van de antagonistische capaciteit van de schimmelflora tot gevolg had. In 1974 bereikte de saprofytische kolonisatie op de met water behandelde bladeren, vlak na de bloei, slechts een niveau van 500 propagula per cm2, hetgeen niet genoeg bleek om antagonistisch te kunnen zijn.

Benomyl had een gedifferentieerd effect op de aantallen fyllosfeerschimmels:Cryptococcus spp. (‘witte gisten’) werden niet nadelig beïnvloed,Sporobolomyces roseus (‘rode gisten’) enCladosporium spp. werden gereduceerd tot minder dan 6% van hun populaties op de contrôle bladeren, enAureobasidium pullulans werd geëlimineerd (Tabel 1). De bacterieflora varieerde enorm per blad en werd niet door benomyl beinvloed.

Wanneer later in het seizoen in 1972 en in 1974 de ‘witte gisten’ op de met benomyl bespoten bladeren populatiedichtheden bereikten van 6500 propagula/cm2 of meer, dan was de infectie van deze bladeren vergelijkbaar met die van de met water behandelde bladeren met hogere populatiedichtheden (Fig. 2). Boven een populatiedichtheid van 6500 propagula/cm2 bestond er geen correlatie meer tussen de dichtheid van de antagonisten en hun werking.

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Fokkema, N.J., van de Laar, J.A.J., Nelis-Blomberg, A.L. et al. The buffering capacity of the natural mycoflora of rye leaves to infection by Cochliobolus sativus, and its susceptibility to benomyl. Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology 81, 176–186 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01976329

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